Abstract
The plasticity of root architecture is crucial for plants to acclimate to unfavourable environments including low nitrogen (LN) stress. How maize roots coordinate the growth of axile roots and lateral roots (LRs), as well as longitudinal and radial cell behaviours in response to LN stress, remains unclear. Maize plants were cultivated hydroponically under control (4 mm nitrate) and LN (40 μm) conditions. Temporal and spatial samples were taken to analyse changes in the morphology, anatomical structure and carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio in the axile root and LRs. LN stress increased axile root elongation, reduced the number of crown roots and decreased LR density and length. LN stress extended cell elongation zones and increased the mature cell length in the roots. LN stress reduced the cell diameter and total area of vessels and increased the amount of aerenchyma, but the number of cell layers in the crown root cortex was unchanged. The C/N ratio was higher in the axile roots than in the LRs. Maize roots acclimate to LN stress by optimizing the anatomical structure and N allocation. As a result, axile root elongation is favoured to efficiently find available N in the soil.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen increased axile root elongation.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LN stress increased axile root elongation”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen reduced crown root number.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LN stress increased axile root elongation, reduced the number of crown roots”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen decreased lateral root density and length.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LN stress increased axile root elongation, reduced the number of crown roots and decreased LR density and length”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen extended root cell elongation zones.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LN stress extended cell elongation zones”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen increased mature root cell length.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LN stress extended cell elongation zones and increased the mature cell length in the roots”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen reduced vessel cell diameter and total area.
- Organ / stage
- vesselse0
- Treatment
- LN stresse0
- Outcome
- cell diameter and total area of vesselse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LN stress reduced the cell diameter and total area of vessels”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen increased root aerenchyma.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LN stress reduced the cell diameter and total area of vessels and increased the amount of aerenchyma”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Crown root cortex cell layer number was unchanged under low nitrogen.
- Treatment
- low nitrogen stresst0
- Outcome
- number of cell layers in the crown root cortexe0
- Direction
- unchangede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of cell layers in the crown root cortex was unchanged”
t0“root morphological changes and nitrogen allocation in maize in response to low nitrogen stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The carbon to nitrogen ratio was higher in axile roots than lateral roots.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The C/N ratio was higher in the axile roots than in the LRs”
t0“maize”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
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