Abstract
The effects of neem cake, a nutrient-rich organic material derived from neem seed, on plant-parasitic nematodes, Verticillium dahliae, and seedling damping-off diseases caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum were investigated. In greenhouse trials, 1% neem cake (mass/mass soil) caused a 67%–90% reduction in the number of lesion (Pratylenchus penetrans) and root-knot (Meloidogyne hapla) nematodes in tomato roots grown in three different soils. In the field, 1% neem cake (mass/mass soil) reduced the number of lesion nematodes by 23% in corn roots and 70% in soil around roots. Population densities of free-living nematodes were either enhanced or not affected by neem cake treatment. In laboratory tests, addition of 3% neem cake (mass/mass soil) to soil killed V. dahliae microsclerotia and increased soil pH from 5.2 to 8.7. Killing of microsclerotia appeared to be caused by generation of ammonia during decomposition of neem cake. In growth room assays, addition of 2% neem cake (mass/mass peat-based mix) to R. solani -infested peat-based mix 28 days before planting radishes reduced damping-off severity. In a sandy loam soil artificially infested with R. solani and a muck soil naturally infested with damping-off pathogens, addition of 0.5% neem cake (mass/mass soil) had no immediate effect on damping-off, whereas incubation of the amended soil for 7 days before planting radish or cucumber reduced damping-off severity. This suggested that neem cake was not directly toxic to the damping-off pathogens but that during incubation neem cake may have created a biological climate that was suppressive to disease.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Neem cake reduced lesion nematodes in tomato roots by 67%–90%.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- 1% neem cake (mass/mass soil)e0
- Interactor
- Pratylenchus penetrans
Pratylenchus penetranse0pathogen - Outcome
- lesion (Pratylenchus penetrans)e0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 67%–90%e0
- Setting
- three different soilse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1% neem cake (mass/mass soil) caused a 67%–90% reduction in the number of lesion (Pratylenchus penetrans) and root-knot (Meloidogyne hapla) nematodes in tomato roots grown in three different soils.”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem cake reduced root-knot nematodes in tomato roots by 67%–90%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- 1% neem cake (mass/mass soil)e0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne hapla
Meloidogyne haplae0pathogen - Outcome
- root-knot (Meloidogyne hapla)e0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 67%–90%e0
- Setting
- three different soilse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1% neem cake (mass/mass soil) caused a 67%–90% reduction in the number of lesion (Pratylenchus penetrans) and root-knot (Meloidogyne hapla) nematodes in tomato roots grown in three different soils.”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem cake reduced lesion nematodes by 23% in corn roots.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- 1% neem cake (mass/mass soil)e0
- Interactor
- lesion nematodese0pathogen
- Outcome
- number of lesion nematodese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 23%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1% neem cake (mass/mass soil) reduced the number of lesion nematodes by 23% in corn roots and 70% in soil around roots.”
t0“plant-parasitic nematodes”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem cake reduced lesion nematodes by 70% in soil around corn roots.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- 1% neem cake (mass/mass soil)e0
- Interactor
- lesion nematodese0pathogen
- Outcome
- lesion nematodese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 70%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1% neem cake (mass/mass soil) reduced the number of lesion nematodes by 23% in corn roots and 70% in soil around roots.”
t0“plant-parasitic nematodes”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem cake enhanced or did not affect free-living nematode density.
- Treatment
- neem cake treatmente0
- Interactor
- free-living nematodese0other
- Outcome
- Population densities of free-living nematodese0
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Population densities of free-living nematodes were either enhanced or not affected by neem cake treatment.”
t0“plant-parasitic nematodes”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem cake killed V. dahliae microsclerotia in soil.
- Treatment
- addition of 3% neem cake (mass/mass soil)e0
- Interactor
- V. dahliae
Verticillium dahliaee0pathogen - Outcome
- V. dahliae microsclerotiae0
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“addition of 3% neem cake (mass/mass soil) to soil killed V. dahliae microsclerotia and increased soil pH from 5.2 to 8.7.”
t0“plant pathogens”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem cake increased soil pH from 5.2 to 8.7.
- Treatment
- addition of 3% neem cake (mass/mass soil)e0
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8.7e0
- Qualifier
- 5.2e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“addition of 3% neem cake (mass/mass soil) to soil killed V. dahliae microsclerotia and increased soil pH from 5.2 to 8.7.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonia generated during neem cake decomposition appeared to kill microsclerotia.
- Interactor
- V. dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee1pathogen
- Compound
- ammoniae0
- Outcome
- Killing of microsclerotiae0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Killing of microsclerotia appeared to be caused by generation of ammonia during decomposition of neem cake.”
e1“V. dahliae microsclerotia”
t0“plant pathogens”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem cake added 28 days before planting reduced damping-off severity in radishes.
- Taxon
- radishes
Raphanus sativuse0 - Treatment
- addition of 2% neem cake (mass/mass peat-based mix)e0
- Interactor
- R. solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- damping-off severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 28 days before plantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“addition of 2% neem cake (mass/mass peat-based mix) to R. solani -infested peat-based mix 28 days before planting radishes reduced damping-off severity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem cake had no immediate effect on damping-off in radish or cucumber.
- Taxon
- radish or cucumber
Cucumis sativusRaphanus sativuse0 - Treatment
- addition of 0.5% neem cake (mass/mass soil)e0
- Outcome
- damping-offe0
- Direction
- no immediate effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“addition of 0.5% neem cake (mass/mass soil) had no immediate effect on damping-off, whereas incubation of the amended soil for 7 days before planting radish or cucumber reduced damping-off severity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven days of soil incubation after neem cake amendment reduced damping-off severity in radish.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- incubation of the amended soil for 7 dayse0
- Outcome
- damping-off severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“addition of 0.5% neem cake (mass/mass soil) had no immediate effect on damping-off, whereas incubation of the amended soil for 7 days before planting radish or cucumber reduced damping-off severity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven days of soil incubation after neem cake amendment reduced damping-off severity in cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- incubation of the amended soil for 7 dayse0
- Outcome
- damping-off severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“addition of 0.5% neem cake (mass/mass soil) had no immediate effect on damping-off, whereas incubation of the amended soil for 7 days before planting radish or cucumber reduced damping-off severity.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred that incubation created a disease-suppressive biological climate.
- Taxon
- radish or cucumberCucumis sativusRaphanus sativuse1
- Treatment
- neem cakee0
- Outcome
- suppressive to diseasee0
- Qualifier
- during incubatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“during incubation neem cake may have created a biological climate that was suppressive to disease.”
e1“radish or cucumber”
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See all 67 papers →botanical · Rhizoctonia solani · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree
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botanical · Meloidogyne hapla · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.