Abstract
Aim of the present study was to evaluate allelopathic effect of Lantana camara leaf powder on germination and growth behaviour of Zea mays and Triticum turgidum. The pot culture experiments were conducted at Botany laboratory, Tewodros campus, University of Gondar, Ethiopia from November 2012 to April 2013. The experimental design was Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with three treatments and one control. The soil without adding L. camara leaf powder was considered as control (T0) and T1, T2 and T3 were mixed with 25, 50 and 75 g of L. camara leaf powder, respectively. The percentage of germination, root and shoot length, stem thickness and biomass were recorded from three replicates. Maximum germination percentage of wheat (96.60%) and maize (53.33%) was recorded at T1 and it was minimum (70%) in wheat and maize (43.33%) at T3 compared to control (100%). The germination index of wheat and maize was 5 cm and 1.9 cm, respectively at T1. The shoot and root length variation observed in wheat and maize was statistically significant (p<0.05) compared to control. The percentage root inhibition of wheat and maize was 62.1 and 39.4%, respectively at T3 compared to control. The stem thickness variation among the treatment and control was statistically significant (p<0.05) in both the experimental plants. Maximum fresh weight and dry weight of wheat was 1.3 g and 0.4 g, respectively at T0 and minimum was 0.8 and 0.1 g, respectively at T3. In maize, maximum fresh weight and dry weight was 8.5 g and 1.5 g, respectively at T0 and minimum 3.9 and 0.4 g, respectively at T3. The biomass variation of wheat and maize results were statistically significant (p<0.05). In conclusion, L. camara leaf powder significantly inhibits seed germination, speed of germination, shoot and root length, stem thickness and biomass of wheat and maize. By keeping the L. camara plants around agricultural field may affect growth parameter of wheat and maize. Further studies on characterization of phytochemicals and their specific role in different agricultural crops is important.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
At T3 (75 g of L. camara leaf powder) wheat germination was at its minimum, 70%, against 100% in control.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- 75 g of L. camara leaf powdere2
- Interactor
- L. camara
_mit_Insekt.jpg?width=60)
Lantana camarae2other - Outcome
- germination percentagee1
- Direction
- minimume1
- Value
- 70%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_mit_Insekt.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Maximum germination percentage of wheat (96.60%) and maize (53.33%) was recorded at T1 and it was minimum (70%) in wheat and maize (43.33%) at T3 compared to control (100%)”
e2“The soil without adding L. camara leaf powder was considered as control (T0) and T1, T2 and T3 were mixed with 25, 50 and 75 g of L. camara leaf powder, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At T1 wheat germination reached a maximum of 96.60%, below the 100% control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- L. camara leaf powdere2
- Interactor
- L. camaraLantana camarae2other
- Outcome
- germination percentagee1
- Direction
- Maximume1
- Value
- 96.60%e1
- Qualifier
- recorded at T1e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maximum germination percentage of wheat (96.60%) and maize (53.33%) was recorded at T1 and it was minimum (70%) in wheat and maize (43.33%) at T3 compared to control (100%)”
e2“The soil without adding L. camara leaf powder was considered as control (T0) and T1, T2 and T3 were mixed with 25, 50 and 75 g of L. camara leaf powder, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat root inhibition was 62.1 at T3 (75 g of L. camara leaf powder) compared with control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- 75 g of L. camara leaf powdere2
- Interactor
- L. camaraLantana camarae2other
- Outcome
- percentage root inhibitione1
- Direction
- inhibitione1
- Value
- 62.1e1
- Qualifier
- at T3e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The percentage root inhibition of wheat and maize was 62.1 and 39.4%, respectively at T3 compared to control”
e2“The soil without adding L. camara leaf powder was considered as control (T0) and T1, T2 and T3 were mixed with 25, 50 and 75 g of L. camara leaf powder, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat fresh weight was lowest, 0.8 g, at T3 (75 g of L. camara leaf powder) relative to control T0.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- 75 g of L. camara leaf powdere2
- Interactor
- L. camaraLantana camarae2other
- Outcome
- fresh weighte1
- Direction
- minimume1
- Value
- 0.8e1
- Comparator
- control (T0)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maximum fresh weight and dry weight of wheat was 1.3 g and 0.4 g, respectively at T0 and minimum was 0.8 and 0.1 g, respectively at T3”
e2“The soil without adding L. camara leaf powder was considered as control (T0) and T1, T2 and T3 were mixed with 25, 50 and 75 g of L. camara leaf powder, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat dry weight was lowest, 0.1 g, at T3 (75 g of L. camara leaf powder) relative to control T0.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- 75 g of L. camara leaf powdere2
- Interactor
- L. camaraLantana camarae2other
- Outcome
- dry weighte1
- Direction
- minimume1
- Value
- 0.1e1
- Comparator
- control (T0)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maximum fresh weight and dry weight of wheat was 1.3 g and 0.4 g, respectively at T0 and minimum was 0.8 and 0.1 g, respectively at T3”
e2“The soil without adding L. camara leaf powder was considered as control (T0) and T1, T2 and T3 were mixed with 25, 50 and 75 g of L. camara leaf powder, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
L. camara leaf powder significantly inhibited wheat shoot length, root length and stem thickness relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- L. camara leaf powdere2
- Interactor
- L. camaraLantana camarae2other
- Outcome
- shoot and root length, stem thicknesse3
- Direction
- inhibitse3
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The shoot and root length variation observed in wheat and maize was statistically significant (p<0.05) compared to control”
e2“The soil without adding L. camara leaf powder was considered as control (T0) and T1, T2 and T3 were mixed with 25, 50 and 75 g of L. camara leaf powder, respectively”
e3“In conclusion, L. camara leaf powder significantly inhibits seed germination, speed of germination, shoot and root length, stem thickness and biomass of wheat and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
L. camara leaf powder significantly inhibited wheat biomass relative to control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- L. camara leaf powdere2
- Interactor
- L. camaraLantana camarae2other
- Outcome
- biomasse1
- Direction
- inhibitse3
- Comparator
- control (T0)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The biomass variation of wheat and maize results were statistically significant (p<0.05)”
e2“The soil without adding L. camara leaf powder was considered as control (T0) and T1, T2 and T3 were mixed with 25, 50 and 75 g of L. camara leaf powder, respectively”
e3“In conclusion, L. camara leaf powder significantly inhibits seed germination, speed of germination, shoot and root length, stem thickness and biomass of wheat and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat germination index was 5 cm at T1 with L. camara leaf powder.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- L. camara leaf powdere2
- Interactor
- L. camaraLantana camarae2other
- Outcome
- germination indexe1
- Value
- 5 cme1
- Qualifier
- at T1e1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The germination index of wheat and maize was 5 cm and 1.9 cm, respectively at T1”
e2“The soil without adding L. camara leaf powder was considered as control (T0) and T1, T2 and T3 were mixed with 25, 50 and 75 g of L. camara leaf powder, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At T1 maize germination reached a maximum of 53.33%, below the 100% control.
- Treatment
- L. camara leaf powdere2
- Interactor
- L. camaraLantana camarae2other
- Outcome
- germination percentagee1
- Direction
- Maximume1
- Value
- 53.33%e1
- Qualifier
- recorded at T1e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maximum germination percentage of wheat (96.60%) and maize (53.33%) was recorded at T1 and it was minimum (70%) in wheat and maize (43.33%) at T3 compared to control (100%)”
e2“The soil without adding L. camara leaf powder was considered as control (T0) and T1, T2 and T3 were mixed with 25, 50 and 75 g of L. camara leaf powder, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At T3 (75 g of L. camara leaf powder) maize germination was at its minimum, 43.33%, against 100% in control.
- Treatment
- 75 g of L. camara leaf powdere2
- Interactor
- L. camaraLantana camarae2other
- Outcome
- germination percentagee1
- Direction
- minimume1
- Value
- 43.33%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maximum germination percentage of wheat (96.60%) and maize (53.33%) was recorded at T1 and it was minimum (70%) in wheat and maize (43.33%) at T3 compared to control (100%)”
e2“The soil without adding L. camara leaf powder was considered as control (T0) and T1, T2 and T3 were mixed with 25, 50 and 75 g of L. camara leaf powder, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize root inhibition was 39.4% at T3 (75 g of L. camara leaf powder) compared with control.
- Treatment
- 75 g of L. camara leaf powdere2
- Interactor
- L. camaraLantana camarae2other
- Outcome
- percentage root inhibitione1
- Direction
- inhibitione1
- Value
- 39.4%e1
- Qualifier
- at T3e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The percentage root inhibition of wheat and maize was 62.1 and 39.4%, respectively at T3 compared to control”
e2“The soil without adding L. camara leaf powder was considered as control (T0) and T1, T2 and T3 were mixed with 25, 50 and 75 g of L. camara leaf powder, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize fresh weight was lowest, 3.9 g, at T3 (75 g of L. camara leaf powder) relative to control T0.
- Treatment
- 75 g of L. camara leaf powdere2
- Interactor
- L. camaraLantana camarae2other
- Outcome
- fresh weighte1
- Direction
- minimume1
- Value
- 3.9e1
- Comparator
- control (T0)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In maize, maximum fresh weight and dry weight was 8.5 g and 1.5 g, respectively at T0 and minimum 3.9 and 0.4 g, respectively at T3”
e2“The soil without adding L. camara leaf powder was considered as control (T0) and T1, T2 and T3 were mixed with 25, 50 and 75 g of L. camara leaf powder, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize dry weight was lowest, 0.4 g, at T3 (75 g of L. camara leaf powder) relative to control T0.
- Treatment
- 75 g of L. camara leaf powdere2
- Interactor
- L. camaraLantana camarae2other
- Outcome
- dry weighte1
- Direction
- minimume1
- Value
- 0.4e1
- Comparator
- control (T0)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In maize, maximum fresh weight and dry weight was 8.5 g and 1.5 g, respectively at T0 and minimum 3.9 and 0.4 g, respectively at T3”
e2“The soil without adding L. camara leaf powder was considered as control (T0) and T1, T2 and T3 were mixed with 25, 50 and 75 g of L. camara leaf powder, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
L. camara leaf powder significantly inhibited maize shoot length, root length and stem thickness relative to control.
- Treatment
- L. camara leaf powdere2
- Interactor
- L. camaraLantana camarae2other
- Outcome
- shoot and root length, stem thicknesse3
- Direction
- inhibitse3
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The shoot and root length variation observed in wheat and maize was statistically significant (p<0.05) compared to control”
e2“The soil without adding L. camara leaf powder was considered as control (T0) and T1, T2 and T3 were mixed with 25, 50 and 75 g of L. camara leaf powder, respectively”
e3“In conclusion, L. camara leaf powder significantly inhibits seed germination, speed of germination, shoot and root length, stem thickness and biomass of wheat and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
L. camara leaf powder significantly inhibited maize biomass relative to control.
- Treatment
- L. camara leaf powdere2
- Interactor
- L. camaraLantana camarae2other
- Outcome
- biomasse1
- Direction
- inhibitse3
- Comparator
- control (T0)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The biomass variation of wheat and maize results were statistically significant (p<0.05)”
e2“The soil without adding L. camara leaf powder was considered as control (T0) and T1, T2 and T3 were mixed with 25, 50 and 75 g of L. camara leaf powder, respectively”
e3“In conclusion, L. camara leaf powder significantly inhibits seed germination, speed of germination, shoot and root length, stem thickness and biomass of wheat and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize germination index was 1.9 cm at T1 with L. camara leaf powder.
- Treatment
- L. camara leaf powdere2
- Interactor
- L. camaraLantana camarae2other
- Outcome
- germination indexe1
- Value
- 1.9 cme1
- Qualifier
- at T1e1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The germination index of wheat and maize was 5 cm and 1.9 cm, respectively at T1”
e2“The soil without adding L. camara leaf powder was considered as control (T0) and T1, T2 and T3 were mixed with 25, 50 and 75 g of L. camara leaf powder, respectively”
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See all 435 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.