Abstract
20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) is the major phytoecdysteroid of about 6% of plants. Its role in plant physiology has not been fully elucidated. In this work we studied the effects of 20E application on some morphological and biochemical parameters of tomato,Lycopersicum esculentum, seed during germination and seedling development (5 d). We compared the 20E effects with the action of phytohormones: gibberellic acid (GA3), naftalen acetic acid (NAA), benzyl amino purine (BAP). NAA treatment resulted in marked reduction in shoot length. GA3 treatment promoted maximal shoot elongation. BAP affected negatively shoot length only at late stages, while 20E application stimulated shoot elongation at early stages and reduced it on the fifth day; NAA inhibited root elongation all along the test period. GA3 treatment had no effect on root length, whereas BAP showed strong inhibition on root elongation. On the other hand, 20E showed a weak inhibition of root elongation on the fifth day. As compared to control and to other treatments, NAA and 20E provoked a drastic decrease in protein contents during seedling growth, whereas a high increase was observed under BAP treatment. Electrophoresis revealed that protein bands were not degraded and mobilized after NAA treatment while in control or after 20E and others phytohormones applications, protein patters displayed weak band intensities and some of them were not detected. NAA, GA3 and BAP provoked a decrease in proline content during seedlings, while the effect of 20E on proline levels varied during germination and plantlet development. This work showed that 20E like phytohormones fulfil some bioactive actions during germination and seedlings growth in tomato. Key words: Benzyl amino purine, gibberellic acid, 20-hydroxyecdysone, germination,Lycopersicum esculentum seeds, naftalen acetic acid, proline, protein pattern.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
NAA reduced shoot length.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- NAA treatmente0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA treatment resulted in marked reduction in shoot length.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 promoted maximal shoot elongation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- GA3 treatmente0
- Outcome
- shoot elongatione0
- Direction
- maximale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3 treatment promoted maximal shoot elongation.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
BAP negatively affected shoot length only at late stages.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- BAPe0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- negativelye0
- Qualifier
- only at late stagese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BAP affected negatively shoot length only at late stages”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
20E stimulated shoot elongation at early stages.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 20E applicatione0
- Outcome
- shoot elongatione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Qualifier
- at early stagese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“20E application stimulated shoot elongation at early stages and reduced it on the fifth day”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
20E reduced shoot elongation on the fifth day.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 20E applicatione0
- Outcome
- shoot elongatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- on the fifth daye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“20E application stimulated shoot elongation at early stages and reduced it on the fifth day”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA inhibited root elongation throughout the test.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- root elongatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- all along the test periode0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA inhibited root elongation all along the test period.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 had no effect on root length.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- GA3 treatmente0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3 treatment had no effect on root length”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
BAP strongly inhibited root elongation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- BAPe0
- Outcome
- root elongatione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BAP showed strong inhibition on root elongation.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
20E weakly inhibited root elongation on the fifth day.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 20Ee0
- Outcome
- root elongatione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- on the fifth daye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“20E showed a weak inhibition of root elongation on the fifth day.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA drastically decreased protein contents relative to control and other treatments during seedling growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- protein contentse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- control and to other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As compared to control and to other treatments, NAA and 20E provoked a drastic decrease in protein contents during seedling growth”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
20E drastically decreased protein contents relative to control and other treatments during seedling growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 20Ee0
- Outcome
- protein contentse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- control and to other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As compared to control and to other treatments, NAA and 20E provoked a drastic decrease in protein contents during seedling growth”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
BAP increased protein contents.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- BAP treatmente0
- Outcome
- protein contentse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA and 20E provoked a drastic decrease in protein contents during seedling growth, whereas a high increase was observed under BAP treatment.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein bands were not degraded and mobilized after NAA treatment.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NAA treatmente0
- Outcome
- protein bands were not degraded and mobilizede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Electrophoresis revealed that protein bands were not degraded and mobilized after NAA treatment”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Control protein patterns had weak band intensities and some undetected bands.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- controle0
- Outcome
- protein patters displayed weak band intensities and some of them were not detectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while in control or after 20E and others phytohormones applications, protein patters displayed weak band intensities and some of them were not detected.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
After 20E, protein patterns had weak band intensities and some undetected bands.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 20Ee0
- Outcome
- protein patters displayed weak band intensities and some of them were not detectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while in control or after 20E and others phytohormones applications, protein patters displayed weak band intensities and some of them were not detected.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
After other phytohormones, protein patterns had weak band intensities and some undetected bands.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- others phytohormones applicationse0
- Outcome
- protein patters displayed weak band intensities and some of them were not detectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while in control or after 20E and others phytohormones applications, protein patters displayed weak band intensities and some of them were not detected.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA decreased seedling proline content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA, GA3 and BAP provoked a decrease in proline content during seedlings”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 decreased seedling proline content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- GA3e0
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA, GA3 and BAP provoked a decrease in proline content during seedlings”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
BAP decreased seedling proline content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- BAPe0
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA, GA3 and BAP provoked a decrease in proline content during seedlings”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
20E effects on proline levels varied during germination and plantlet development.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 20Ee0
- Outcome
- proline levelse0
- Qualifier
- during germination and plantlet developmente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of 20E on proline levels varied during germination and plantlet development.”
t0“tomato”
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