Abstract
Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings were grown for 3 years in the ground in open top chambers and exposed to two concentrations of atmospheric CO 2 (ambient or ambient + 400 μ mol mol −1 ) without addition of nutrients and water. Biomass production (above-ground and below-ground) and allocation, as well as canopy structure and tissue nitrogen concentrations and contents, were examined by destructive harvest after 3 years. Elevated CO 2 increased total biomass production by 55%, reduced needle area and needle mass as indicated, respectively, by lower leaf area ratio and leaf mass ratio. A relatively smaller total needle area was produced in relation to fine roots under elevated CO 2 . The proportion of dry matter in roots was increased by elevated CO 2 , as indicated by increased root-to-shoot ratio and root mass ratio. Within the root system, there was a significant shift in the allocation towards fine roots. Root litter constituted a much higher fraction of fine roots in trees grown in the elevated CO 2 than in those grown in ambient CO 2 . Growth at elevated CO 2 caused a significant decline in nitrogen concentration only in the needles, while nitrogen content significantly increased in branches and fine roots (with diameter less than 1 mm). There were no changes in crown structure (branch number and needle area distribution). Based upon measurements of growth made throughout the 3 years, the greatest increase in biomass under elevated CO 2 took place mainly at the beginning of the experiment, when trees grown in elevated CO 2 had higher relative growth rates than those grown under ambient CO 2 ; these differences disappeared with time. Symptoms of acclimation of trees to growth in the elevated CO 2 treatment were observed and are discussed. Copyright 2000 Annals of Botany Company
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased total Scots pine biomass production by 55%.
- Taxon
- Scots pine
Pinus sylvestrise0 - Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e1
- Outcome
- total biomass productione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 55%e1
- Comparator
- ambiente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings”
e1“Elevated CO 2 increased total biomass production by 55%”
e2“ambient or ambient + 400 μ mol mol −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced Scots pine needle area and needle mass.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrise0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e1
- Outcome
- needle area and needle masse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- ambiente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings”
e1“Elevated CO 2 increased total biomass production by 55%, reduced needle area and needle mass as indicated, respectively, by lower leaf area ratio and leaf mass ratio”
e2“ambient or ambient + 400 μ mol mol −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 produced less needle area relative to fine roots.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrise0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e1
- Outcome
- total needle areae1
- Direction
- smallere1
- Qualifier
- in relation to fine rootse1
- Comparator
- ambiente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings”
e1“A relatively smaller total needle area was produced in relation to fine roots under elevated CO 2”
e2“ambient or ambient + 400 μ mol mol −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased the fraction of pine dry matter allocated to roots.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrise0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e1
- Outcome
- proportion of dry matter in rootse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- ambiente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings”
e1“The proportion of dry matter in roots was increased by elevated CO 2 , as indicated by increased root-to-shoot ratio and root mass ratio”
e2“ambient or ambient + 400 μ mol mol −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Root allocation shifted significantly toward fine roots under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrise0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e2
- Outcome
- allocation towards fine rootse1
- Direction
- towardse1
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings”
e1“Within the root system, there was a significant shift in the allocation towards fine roots”
e2“Root litter constituted a much higher fraction of fine roots in trees grown in the elevated CO 2 than in those grown in ambient CO 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Root litter made up a higher fraction of fine roots under elevated CO2 than ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrise0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e1
- Outcome
- fraction of fine rootse1
- Direction
- much highere1
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings”
e1“Root litter constituted a much higher fraction of fine roots in trees grown in the elevated CO 2 than in those grown in ambient CO 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 significantly decreased pine needle nitrogen concentration.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrise0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e1
- Outcome
- nitrogen concentration only in the needlese1
- Direction
- declinee1
- Comparator
- ambiente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings”
e1“Growth at elevated CO 2 caused a significant decline in nitrogen concentration only in the needles”
e2“ambient or ambient + 400 μ mol mol −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 significantly increased nitrogen content in pine branches and fine roots.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrise0
- Organ / stage
- branches and fine rootse1
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e2
- Outcome
- nitrogen contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- ambiente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings”
e1“nitrogen content significantly increased in branches and fine roots (with diameter less than 1 mm)”
e2“Growth at elevated CO 2”
e3“ambient or ambient + 400 μ mol mol −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 did not change pine crown structure.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrise0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e2
- Outcome
- crown structure (branch number and needle area distribution)e1
- Direction
- no changese1
- Comparator
- ambiente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings”
e1“There were no changes in crown structure (branch number and needle area distribution)”
e2“Growth at elevated CO 2”
e3“ambient or ambient + 400 μ mol mol −1”
Claim · model-written summary
The largest elevated-CO2 biomass increase occurred early in the experiment.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrise0
- Outcome
- biomasse1
- Direction
- greatest increasee1
- Qualifier
- mainly at the beginning of the experimente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings”
e1“the greatest increase in biomass under elevated CO 2 took place mainly at the beginning of the experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Pines under elevated CO2 initially had higher relative growth rates than ambient-grown pines, but the difference disappeared with time.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrise0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e1
- Outcome
- relative growth ratese1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- these differences disappeared with timee1
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings”
e1“trees grown in elevated CO 2 had higher relative growth rates than those grown under ambient CO 2 ; these differences disappeared with time”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors observed symptoms of acclimation to elevated CO2 in Scots pine.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrise0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 treatmente1
- Outcome
- Symptoms of acclimatione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings”
e1“Symptoms of acclimation of trees to growth in the elevated CO 2 treatment were observed”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · yield · Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine)Results differ
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →co2 · nutrient: content · Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.