Abstract
Potato plants ( Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum cv. Adelheid), multiplied in vitro, were cultivated in growth chambers on nutrient solution at calcium regimes of 1000, 90, 60 or 30 μ M Ca. An absolute Ca deficiency, particularly at the low Ca‐supply levels of 30 and 60 μ M Ca, manifested itself initially in the form of marginal necrosis in younger, but not in the youngest, leaves of the potato plants. Further symptoms were rolling of the leaf lamina, browning of veins and roots, and finally necrosis also of the youngest leaves. Only in an advanced stage of Ca deficiency, the meristem of the shoots died. Ca‐deficiency symptoms could be expected at a Ca content in the leaves of less than 5 mg Ca (g dry weight) −1 . However, there was no close negative correlation between the extent of leaf damage and the total Ca content of the leaves. In order to obtain information about the Ca concentration in the apoplast fluid of the leaves, apoplastic washing fluid was extracted by an infiltration‐centrifugation technique. A low Ca supply reduced the Ca concentration both in the apoplast fluid of the leaves and in the cell walls. Up to 60% more diffusible pectin fragments were then found in the apoplast of younger leaves, as compared to the control supplied with an optimum Ca level of 1000 μ M . The amount of diffusible pectins accounted for 1–2% of the total pectin content of younger potato leaves. The size of the existing pectin fragments varied depending on the Ca supply. Compared with an optimum Ca supply of 1000 μ M , fewer monomers and up to 7 times more diffusible pectin fragments with a degree of polymerization 9–20 were present at the low Ca‐supply level (30 μ M ). In addition, polygalacturonase activity in tissue homogenates increased remarkably with Ca deficiency. Thus it appears that one major effect of Ca deficiency was a stimulation of the activity of polygalacturonase, which could control the breakdown of pectic polysaccharides in the cell wall. Whether the release of potentially biologically active pectic fragments in cell walls might be involved in the occurrence of Ca‐deficiency symptoms is discussed.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Low calcium supply caused marginal necrosis in younger leaves.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume0 - Organ / stage
- youngere0
- Treatment
- 30 and 60 μ M Cae0
- Outcome
- marginal necrosise0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An absolute Ca deficiency, particularly at the low Ca‐supply levels of 30 and 60 μ M Ca, manifested itself initially in the form of marginal necrosis in younger, but not in the youngest, leaves of the potato plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium deficiency later caused leaf rolling, browning of veins and roots, and necrosis of youngest leaves.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- rolling of the leaf lamina, browning of veins and roots, and finally necrosise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Further symptoms were rolling of the leaf lamina, browning of veins and roots, and finally necrosis also of the youngest leaves.”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum) leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot meristems died only at an advanced stage of calcium deficiency.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- meristem of the shoots diede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only in an advanced stage of Ca deficiency, the meristem of the shoots died.”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum) leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium deficiency symptoms were expected below 5 mg Ca per g dry leaf weight.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- Ca‐deficiency symptomse0
- Value
- less than 5 mg Ca (g dry weight) −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ca‐deficiency symptoms could be expected at a Ca content in the leaves of less than 5 mg Ca (g dry weight) −1 .”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum) leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf damage was not closely negatively correlated with total leaf calcium content.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Compound
- Cae0
- Outcome
- extent of leaf damagee0
- Direction
- no close negative correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no close negative correlation between the extent of leaf damage and the total Ca content of the leaves.”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum) leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Low calcium supply reduced calcium concentration in leaf apoplastic fluid and cell walls.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- low Ca supplye0
- Outcome
- Ca concentration both in the apoplast fluid of the leaves and in the cell wallse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A low Ca supply reduced the Ca concentration both in the apoplast fluid of the leaves and in the cell walls.”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum) leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Younger leaves had up to 60% more diffusible pectin fragments under low calcium supply.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- low Ca supplye0
- Outcome
- diffusible pectin fragmentse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- Up to 60%e0
- Comparator
- control supplied with an optimum Ca level of 1000 μ Me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A low Ca supply reduced the Ca concentration both in the apoplast fluid of the leaves and in the cell walls. Up to 60% more diffusible pectin fragments were then found in the apoplast of younger leaves, as compared to the control supplied with an optimum Ca level of 1000 μ M .”
t0“Calcium deficiency in potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Diffusible pectins accounted for 1–2% of total pectin in younger potato leaves.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Outcome
- diffusible pectinse0
- Value
- 1–2%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of diffusible pectins accounted for 1–2% of the total pectin content of younger potato leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium supply affected pectin fragment size.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Ca supplye0
- Outcome
- size of the existing pectin fragmentse0
- Direction
- variede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The size of the existing pectin fragments varied depending on the Ca supply.”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum) leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Low calcium supply produced fewer pectin monomers than optimal supply.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- low Ca‐supply level (30 μ M)e0
- Outcome
- monomerse0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Comparator
- optimum Ca supply of 1000 μ Me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with an optimum Ca supply of 1000 μ M , fewer monomers and up to 7 times more diffusible pectin fragments with a degree of polymerization 9–20 were present at the low Ca‐supply level (30 μ M ).”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum) leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Low calcium supply produced up to seven times more pectin fragments with polymerization degree 9–20.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- low Ca‐supply level (30 μ M)e0
- Outcome
- diffusible pectin fragmentse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- up to 7 timese0
- Comparator
- optimum Ca supply of 1000 μ Me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with an optimum Ca supply of 1000 μ M , fewer monomers and up to 7 times more diffusible pectin fragments with a degree of polymerization 9–20 were present at the low Ca‐supply level (30 μ M ).”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum) leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Polygalacturonase activity increased with calcium deficiency.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Ca deficiencye0
- Gene
- polygalacturonasee0
- Outcome
- polygalacturonase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“polygalacturonase activity in tissue homogenates increased remarkably with Ca deficiency.”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum) leaves”
The same questions in other papers
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This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- negative
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This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
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See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.