Abstract
The effects of in vivo copper on the lipid composition of root plasma membrane and the activities of membrane-bound enzymes, such as NADPH-dependent oxidases and lipoxygenase, were studied. Plants were grown in hydroponic culture for 11 d without Cu supply or in the presence of 50 microM Cu. Control plants were supplied with 0.3 microM Cu. Growth of roots was severely affected in the 50 microM Cu-grown plants, whereas roots grown in Cu-deficient solution did not show any difference in comparison with the control. The 50 microM Cu concentration caused an increase in the leakage of K(+) ions as well. Excess metal supply resulted in a decrease in the total lipid content of plasma membrane, a higher phospholipid amount and a reduction of steryl lipids (free sterols, steryl glycosides and acylated steryl glycosides). Cu depletion in the growth solution had only a slight effect on the plasma membrane lipid composition. In comparison with the control, only the excess of Cu caused a decrease in the lipid to protein ratio as well as a change in the phospholipid composition, with a lower phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine ratio. The degree of unsaturation of root plasma membranes decreased following the 0 Cu treatment and even more after the 50 microM Cu supply. Plasma membranes of wheat grown under metal deficiency and excess showed increased NADPH-dependent superoxide-producing oxidase activities, whereas membrane-bound lipoxygenase was not increased or activated due to Cu treatments. The consequences of changes in plasma membrane lipid composition and activated oxygen production as a result of Cu treatments are discussed.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Excess copper (50 microM) severely reduced root growth in wheat relative to control plants.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- 50 microM Cue1
- Outcome
- Growth of rootse1
- Direction
- severely affectede1
- Comparator
- Control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“roots of wheat grown under copper deficiency or excess”
e0“Control plants were supplied with 0.3 microM Cu”
e1“Growth of roots was severely affected in the 50 microM Cu-grown plants, whereas roots grown in Cu-deficient solution did not show any difference in comparison with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper-deficient solution did not change root growth in wheat relative to the control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cu-deficient solutione1
- Outcome
- Growth of rootse1
- Direction
- did not show any differencee1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“roots of wheat grown under copper deficiency or excess”
e1“Growth of roots was severely affected in the 50 microM Cu-grown plants, whereas roots grown in Cu-deficient solution did not show any difference in comparison with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess copper (50 microM) increased K(+) ion leakage from wheat roots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 50 microM Cu concentratione2
- Outcome
- leakage of K(+) ionse2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Comparator
- Control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“roots of wheat grown under copper deficiency or excess”
e0“Control plants were supplied with 0.3 microM Cu”
e2“The 50 microM Cu concentration caused an increase in the leakage of K(+) ions as well”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess metal supply decreased the total lipid content of wheat root plasma membrane.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Excess metal supplye3
- Outcome
- total lipid content of plasma membranee3
- Direction
- decreasee3
- Comparator
- Control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“roots of wheat grown under copper deficiency or excess”
e0“Control plants were supplied with 0.3 microM Cu”
e3“Excess metal supply resulted in a decrease in the total lipid content of plasma membrane”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess metal supply increased the phospholipid amount of wheat root plasma membrane.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Excess metal supplye3
- Outcome
- phospholipid amounte4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- Control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“roots of wheat grown under copper deficiency or excess”
e0“Control plants were supplied with 0.3 microM Cu”
e3“Excess metal supply resulted in a decrease in the total lipid content of plasma membrane”
e4“a higher phospholipid amount and a reduction of steryl lipids (free sterols, steryl glycosides and acylated steryl glycosides)”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess metal supply reduced steryl lipids in wheat root plasma membrane.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Excess metal supplye3
- Outcome
- steryl lipidse4
- Direction
- reductione4
- Comparator
- Control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“roots of wheat grown under copper deficiency or excess”
e0“Control plants were supplied with 0.3 microM Cu”
e3“Excess metal supply resulted in a decrease in the total lipid content of plasma membrane”
e4“a higher phospholipid amount and a reduction of steryl lipids (free sterols, steryl glycosides and acylated steryl glycosides)”
Claim · model-written summary
Only excess copper decreased the lipid to protein ratio of wheat root plasma membrane relative to the control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- excess of Cue5
- Outcome
- lipid to protein ratioe5
- Direction
- decreasee5
- Comparator
- the controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“roots of wheat grown under copper deficiency or excess”
e5“In comparison with the control, only the excess of Cu caused a decrease in the lipid to protein ratio as well as a change in the phospholipid composition, with a lower phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
Only excess copper lowered the phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine ratio of wheat root plasma membrane relative to the control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- excess of Cue5
- Outcome
- phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine ratioe5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Comparator
- the controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“roots of wheat grown under copper deficiency or excess”
e5“In comparison with the control, only the excess of Cu caused a decrease in the lipid to protein ratio as well as a change in the phospholipid composition, with a lower phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper depletion decreased the degree of unsaturation of wheat root plasma membranes, and more so after 50 microM Cu supply.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 0 Cu treatmente6
- Outcome
- degree of unsaturation of root plasma membranese6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Qualifier
- even more after the 50 microM Cu supplye6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“roots of wheat grown under copper deficiency or excess”
e6“The degree of unsaturation of root plasma membranes decreased following the 0 Cu treatment and even more after the 50 microM Cu supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper deficiency and excess increased NADPH-dependent superoxide-producing oxidase activities in wheat root plasma membranes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- metal deficiency and excesse7
- Outcome
- NADPH-dependent superoxide-producing oxidase activitiese7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“roots of wheat grown under copper deficiency or excess”
e7“Plasma membranes of wheat grown under metal deficiency and excess showed increased NADPH-dependent superoxide-producing oxidase activities, whereas membrane-bound lipoxygenase was not increased or activated due to Cu treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Membrane-bound lipoxygenase was not increased or activated by Cu treatments in wheat roots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cu treatmentse7
- Outcome
- membrane-bound lipoxygenasee7
- Direction
- not increased or activatede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“roots of wheat grown under copper deficiency or excess”
e7“Plasma membranes of wheat grown under metal deficiency and excess showed increased NADPH-dependent superoxide-producing oxidase activities, whereas membrane-bound lipoxygenase was not increased or activated due to Cu treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper depletion in the growth solution had only a slight effect on the plasma membrane lipid composition of wheat roots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cu depletion in the growth solutione1
- Outcome
- plasma membrane lipid compositione1
- Direction
- slight effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“roots of wheat grown under copper deficiency or excess”
e1“Cu depletion in the growth solution had only a slight effect on the plasma membrane lipid composition”
The same questions in other papers
copper atom · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
29 papers in the same direction as this paper · 31 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
57 papers more in this group
See all 61 papers →copper atom · quality: general · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.