Abstract
Abstract Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) often respond to N fertilization; however, N fertilization is not practiced for maximum seed production in southern Idaho. This suggests that the symbiotic relationship and/or soil N sources can provide most of the N needed by this legume. Our objective was to evaluate the relative contribution of the symbiotic‐nonsymbiotic N sources by studying the effects of N fertilization on the symbiotic N 2 fixation and seed yields under field conditions. Experiments were conducted on silt loam soils belonging to the Portneuf series (Xerollic Calciortnids). An acetylene reduction (AR) method was used to determine the effect of N fertilization treatments on the relative seasonal N 2 (AR) fixation. The symbiotic N 2 fixation was also estimated by the equation, N 2 = N up − (Ni + N m − N h )−αN t , where N up is the accumulated N uptake measured near physiological maturity, N 1 and N h are the amounts of soil NO 3 ‐N in the root zone before planting and near physiological maturity, N m is the N mineralized from soil organic N sources, and a is the recovery of the N fertilizer (N f ) applied. Estimates of the N fertilizer recoveries were obtained from two experiments using 15 N‐depleted (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . The symbiotic N 2 relationship contributed up to 90 kg N/ha, which was 40 to 50% of the total N found in bean plants near physiological maturity. The amount of symbiotic N 2 fixed decreased as the available soil N or fertilizer N increased, and increased as the N required by the individual cultivars increased. The response to N fertilization depended upon the cultivar, as well as on the N available from soil sources. Measured fertilizer N recoveries ranged from 7 to 33%. An average of 52% of the total N uptake near physiological maturity was taken up after the maximum symbiotic N 2 (AR) rate occurred; while the seed contained an average of 60% of the total N uptake. A low N fertilization rate (< 50 kg N/ha) when the soil N 1 was low (<50 kg N/ha) ensured an early vigorous plant growth but did not always increase seed yields. Higher N fertilization rates may be required on soils with lower amounts of mineralizable N.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Symbiotic N2 fixation contributed up to 90 kg N/ha to bean plants near physiological maturity.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Outcome
- symbiotic N 2 relationship contributede1
- Value
- 90 kg N/hae1
- Qualifier
- 40 to 50% of the total N found in bean plantse1
- Setting
- field conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) often respond to N fertilization”
e1“The symbiotic N 2 relationship contributed up to 90 kg N/ha, which was 40 to 50% of the total N found in bean plants near physiological maturity”
e2“the effects of N fertilization on the symbiotic N 2 fixation and seed yields under field conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Symbiotic N2 fixation decreased as available soil N or fertilizer N increased.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- fertilizer Ne2
- Outcome
- The amount of symbiotic N 2 fixede2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) often respond to N fertilization”
e2“The amount of symbiotic N 2 fixed decreased as the available soil N or fertilizer N increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Symbiotic N2 fixation increased as the N required by individual cultivars increased.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Material
- individual cultivarse3
- Outcome
- The amount of symbiotic N 2 fixede2
- Direction
- increasede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) often respond to N fertilization”
e2“The amount of symbiotic N 2 fixed decreased as the available soil N or fertilizer N increased”
e3“and increased as the N required by the individual cultivars increased”
Claim · model-written summary
The response to N fertilization depended on the cultivar and on the N available from soil.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Material
- cultivare4
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione4
- Outcome
- response to N fertilizatione4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) often respond to N fertilization”
e4“The response to N fertilization depended upon the cultivar, as well as on the N available from soil sources”
Claim · model-written summary
Measured fertilizer N recoveries ranged from 7 to 33%.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Outcome
- fertilizer N recoveriese5
- Value
- 7 to 33%e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) often respond to N fertilization”
e5“Measured fertilizer N recoveries ranged from 7 to 33%”
Claim · model-written summary
An average of 52% of total N uptake was taken up after the maximum symbiotic N2 rate occurred.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Outcome
- total N uptakee6
- Value
- 52%e6
- Qualifier
- after the maximum symbiotic N 2 (AR) rate occurrede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) often respond to N fertilization”
e6“An average of 52% of the total N uptake near physiological maturity was taken up after the maximum symbiotic N 2 (AR) rate occurred”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed contained an average of 60% of the total N uptake.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- seede7
- Outcome
- total N uptakee7
- Value
- 60%e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) often respond to N fertilization”
e7“while the seed contained an average of 60% of the total N uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
A low N fertilization rate applied when soil N was low ensured early vigorous plant growth.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- low N fertilization rate (< 50 kg N/ha)e7
- Outcome
- early vigorous plant growthe7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) often respond to N fertilization”
e7“A low N fertilization rate (< 50 kg N/ha) when the soil N 1 was low (<50 kg N/ha) ensured an early vigorous plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The same low N fertilization rate did not always increase seed yields.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- low N fertilization ratee7
- Outcome
- seed yieldse3
- Direction
- did not always increasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) often respond to N fertilization”
e7“A low N fertilization rate (< 50 kg N/ha) when the soil N 1 was low (<50 kg N/ha) ensured an early vigorous plant growth”
e3“but did not always increase seed yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher N fertilization rates may be required on soils with lower amounts of mineralizable N.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Outcome
- Higher N fertilization ratese3
- Qualifier
- on soils with lower amounts of mineralizable Ne3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) often respond to N fertilization”
e3“Higher N fertilization rates may be required on soils with lower amounts of mineralizable N”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
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See all 60 papers →fertilization · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
120 papers in the same direction as this paper · 22 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
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See all 143 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.