Abstract
Abstract Mycorrhizas are ubiquitous plant–fungus mutualists in terrestrial ecosystems and play important roles in plant resource capture and nutrient cycling. Sporadic evidence suggests that anthropogenic nitrogen (N) input may impact the development and the functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, potentially altering host plant growth and soil carbon (C) dynamics. In this study, we examined how mineral N inputs affected mycorrhizal mediation of plant N acquisition and residue decomposition in a microcosm system. Each microcosm unit was separated into HOST and TEST compartments by a replaceable mesh screen that either prevented or allowed AM fungal hyphae but not plant roots to grow into the TEST compartments. Wild oat ( Avena fatua L.) was planted in the HOST compartments that had been inoculated with either a single species of AM fungus, Glomus etunicatum , or a mixture of AM fungi including G. etunicatum . Mycorrhizal contributions to plant N acquisition and residue decomposition were directly assessed by introducing a mineral 15 N tracer and 13 C‐rich residues of a C 4 plant to the TEST compartments. Results from 15 N tracer measurements showed that AM fungal hyphae directly transported N from the TEST soil to the host plant. Compared with the control with no penetration of AM fungal hyphae, AM hyphal penetration led to a 125% increase in biomass 15 N of host plants and a 20% reduction in extractable inorganic N in the TEST soil. Mineral N inputs to the HOST compartments (equivalent to 5.0 g N m −2 yr −1 ) increased oat biomass and total root length colonized by mycorrhizal fungi by 189% and 285%, respectively, as compared with the no‐N control. Mineral N inputs to the HOST plants also reduced extractable inorganic N and particulate residue C proportion by 58% and 12%, respectively, in the corresponding TEST soils as compared to the no‐N control, by stimulating AM fungal growth and activities. The species mixture of mycorrhizal fungi was more effective in facilitating N transport and residue decomposition than the single AM species. These findings indicate that low‐level mineral N inputs may significantly enhance nutrient cycling and plant resource capture in terrestrial ecosystems via stimulation of root growth, mycorrhizal functioning, and residue decomposition. The long‐term effects of these observed alterations on soil C dynamics remain to be investigated.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungal hyphae transported nitrogen from test soil to wild oat.
- Taxon
- Wild oat ( Avena fatua L.)
Avena fatuae1 - Interactor
- AM fungal hyphaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- transported N from the TEST soil to the host plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AM fungal hyphae directly transported N from the TEST soil to the host plant”
e1“Wild oat ( Avena fatua L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AM hyphal penetration increased host plant biomass 15N by 125%.
- Taxon
- Wild oat ( Avena fatua L.)Avena fatuae1
- Treatment
- AM hyphal penetratione0
- Interactor
- AM fungal hyphaee2symbiont
- Outcome
- biomass 15 N of host plantse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 125%e0
- Comparator
- control with no penetration of AM fungal hyphaee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AM hyphal penetration led to a 125% increase in biomass 15 N of host plants”
e1“Wild oat ( Avena fatua L.)”
e2“control with no penetration of AM fungal hyphae”
Claim · model-written summary
AM hyphal penetration reduced extractable inorganic nitrogen in test soil by 20%.
- Taxon
- Wild oat ( Avena fatua L.)Avena fatuae1
- Treatment
- AM hyphal penetratione0
- Interactor
- AM fungal hyphaee2symbiont
- Outcome
- extractable inorganic N in the TEST soile0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Comparator
- control with no penetration of AM fungal hyphaee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AM hyphal penetration led to a 125% increase in biomass 15 N of host plants and a 20% reduction in extractable inorganic N in the TEST soil”
e1“Wild oat ( Avena fatua L.)”
e2“control with no penetration of AM fungal hyphae”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral nitrogen increased oat biomass by 189%.
- Taxon
- oat
Avena sativae0 - Treatment
- Mineral N inputs to the HOST compartments (equivalent to 5.0 g N m −2 yr −1 )e0
- Outcome
- oat biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 189%e0
- Comparator
- no‐N controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mineral N inputs to the HOST compartments (equivalent to 5.0 g N m −2 yr −1 ) increased oat biomass and total root length colonized by mycorrhizal fungi by 189% and 285%, respectively, as compared with the no‐N control”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral nitrogen increased total root length colonized by mycorrhizal fungi by 285%.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- Mineral N inputs to the HOST compartments (equivalent to 5.0 g N m −2 yr −1 )e0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizal fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- total root length colonized by mycorrhizal fungie0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 285%e0
- Comparator
- no‐N controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mineral N inputs to the HOST compartments (equivalent to 5.0 g N m −2 yr −1 ) increased oat biomass and total root length colonized by mycorrhizal fungi by 189% and 285%, respectively, as compared with the no‐N control”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral nitrogen reduced extractable inorganic nitrogen in test soil by 58%.
- Taxon
- Wild oat ( Avena fatua L.)Avena fatuae1
- Treatment
- Mineral N inputs to the HOST plantse0
- Outcome
- extractable inorganic Ne0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 58%e0
- Comparator
- no‐N controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mineral N inputs to the HOST plants also reduced extractable inorganic N and particulate residue C proportion by 58% and 12%, respectively, in the corresponding TEST soils as compared to the no‐N control”
e1“Wild oat ( Avena fatua L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral nitrogen reduced particulate residue carbon proportion in test soil by 12%.
- Taxon
- Wild oat ( Avena fatua L.)Avena fatuae1
- Treatment
- Mineral N inputs to the HOST plantse0
- Outcome
- particulate residue C proportione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 12%e0
- Comparator
- no‐N controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mineral N inputs to the HOST plants also reduced extractable inorganic N and particulate residue C proportion by 58% and 12%, respectively, in the corresponding TEST soils as compared to the no‐N control”
e1“Wild oat ( Avena fatua L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The AM fungal species mixture facilitated more nitrogen transport than the single species.
- Taxon
- Wild oat ( Avena fatua L.)Avena fatuae1
- Treatment
- species mixture of mycorrhizal fungie0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizal fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- N transporte0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- single AM speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The species mixture of mycorrhizal fungi was more effective in facilitating N transport and residue decomposition than the single AM species”
e1“Wild oat ( Avena fatua L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The AM fungal species mixture facilitated more residue decomposition than the single species.
- Taxon
- Wild oat ( Avena fatua L.)Avena fatuae1
- Treatment
- species mixture of mycorrhizal fungie0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizal fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- residue decompositione0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- single AM speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The species mixture of mycorrhizal fungi was more effective in facilitating N transport and residue decomposition than the single AM species”
e1“Wild oat ( Avena fatua L.)”
The same questions in other papers
mycorrhiza · growth · Avena fatuaPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
nitrogen · growth · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
37 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
44 papers more in this group
See all 48 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.