Abstract
Applications of soil amendments containing N are part of routine forage-management strategies for grasses, with a primary goal of increasing forage yield. However, the effects of N fertilization on forage nutritive value, estimates of energy density, and in vitro dry matter or neutral detergent fiber disappearance sometimes have been erratic or inconsistent. Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of N fertilization on the nutritive value of a single cultivar (ForagePlus, Kratz Farms, Slinger, WI) of fall-grown oat fertilized at planting with 20, 40, 60, 80, or 100 kg of N/ha of urea or 2 rates of dairy slurry (42,300 or 84,600 L/ha). Nitrogen fertilization exhibited consistent effects on fiber components; forages fertilized with urea or dairy slurry had greater concentrations of fiber components compared with those harvested from unfertilized check plots (0 kg of N/ha), and fiber concentrations increased linearly with urea fertilization rate. In contrast, concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrates were greatest for unfertilized forages (21.2%), but declined linearly with urea fertilization, exhibiting a minimum of 13.5% at the 80 kg of N/ha urea application rate. Similarly, nonfiber carbohydrates also declined linearly, from 34.8% for unfertilized check plots to a minimum of 24.6% at the 80 kg of N/ha urea application rate. Fertilization with urea resulted in consistent linear increases in crude protein (CP), neutral detergent soluble CP, neutral detergent insoluble CP, and acid detergent insoluble CP; however, the partitioning of CP on the basis of association with specific fiber fractions could not be related to N fertilization when concentrations were expressed on a percentage of CP basis. The summative calculation of energy, expressed as total digestible nutrients was closely related to N fertilization rate during both the 2013 (y = -0.038x + 72.2; R 2 = 0.961) and 2014 (y = -0.040x + 69.2; R 2 = 0.771) production years. Following 30-or 48-h incubations in buffered rumen fluid, in vitro dry matter disappearance was greater for unfertilized forages compared with those fertilized with either urea or dairy slurry, and disappearance declined linearly with urea fertilization rate; however, these responses were not detected for neutral detergent fiber disappearance. Overall, the forage nutritive value of fall-grown oat declined mildly in response to N fertilization, but these responses were not nearly strong enough to offset the advantages obtained by improved forage yields.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Urea increased fiber components versus unfertilized forage.
- Taxon
- oat
Avena sativat0 - Treatment
- ureae0
- Outcome
- concentrations of fiber componentse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- unfertilized check plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“forages fertilized with urea or dairy slurry had greater concentrations of fiber components compared with those harvested from unfertilized check plots (0 kg of N/ha)”
t0“oat forages”
Claim · model-written summary
Dairy slurry increased fiber components versus unfertilized forage.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- dairy slurrye0
- Outcome
- concentrations of fiber componentse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- unfertilized check plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“forages fertilized with urea or dairy slurry had greater concentrations of fiber components compared with those harvested from unfertilized check plots (0 kg of N/ha)”
t0“oat forages”
Claim · model-written summary
Fiber concentration rose linearly with urea rate.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- urea fertilization ratee0
- Outcome
- fiber concentrationse0
- Direction
- increased linearlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fiber concentrations increased linearly with urea fertilization rate”
t0“oat forages”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-soluble carbohydrates declined with urea to 13.5% at 80 kg N/ha, from 21.2% unfertilized.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- 80 kg of N/ha urea application ratee0
- Outcome
- concentrations of water-soluble carbohydratese0
- Direction
- declined linearlye0
- Value
- 13.5%e0
- Qualifier
- 21.2%e0
- Comparator
- unfertilized foragese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrates were greatest for unfertilized forages (21.2%), but declined linearly with urea fertilization, exhibiting a minimum of 13.5% at the 80 kg of N/ha urea application rate”
t0“oat forages”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonfiber carbohydrate concentration fell from 34.8% to 24.6% at 80 kg N/ha.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- 80 kg of N/ha urea application ratee0
- Outcome
- nonfiber carbohydratese0
- Direction
- declined linearlye0
- Value
- 24.6%e0
- Qualifier
- 34.8%e0
- Comparator
- unfertilized check plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nonfiber carbohydrates also declined linearly, from 34.8% for unfertilized check plots to a minimum of 24.6% at the 80 kg of N/ha urea application rate”
t0“oat forages”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea linearly increased crude protein and three soluble or insoluble protein fractions.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- ureae0
- Outcome
- crude protein (CP), neutral detergent soluble CP, neutral detergent insoluble CP, and acid detergent insoluble CPe0
- Direction
- linear increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilization with urea resulted in consistent linear increases in crude protein (CP), neutral detergent soluble CP, neutral detergent insoluble CP, and acid detergent insoluble CP”
t0“oat forages”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein partitioning by fiber fraction was unrelated to N fertilization on a percentage of CP basis.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- partitioning of CPe0
- Direction
- could not be relatede0
- Qualifier
- when concentrations were expressed on a percentage of CP basise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“partitioning of CP on the basis of association with specific fiber fractions could not be related to N fertilization when concentrations were expressed on a percentage of CP basis”
t0“oat forages”
Claim · model-written summary
Total digestible nutrients decreased with N rate in 2013.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- N fertilization ratee0
- Outcome
- total digestible nutrientse0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total digestible nutrients was closely related to N fertilization rate during both the 2013 (y = -0.038x + 72.2; R 2 = 0.961)”
t0“oat forages”
Claim · model-written summary
Total digestible nutrients decreased with N rate in 2014.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- N fertilization ratee0
- Outcome
- total digestible nutrientse0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The summative calculation of energy, expressed as total digestible nutrients was closely related to N fertilization rate during both the 2013 (y = -0.038x + 72.2; R 2 = 0.961) and 2014 (y = -0.040x + 69.2; R 2 = 0.771) production years”
t0“oat forages”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea reduced in vitro dry matter disappearance versus unfertilized forage.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- ureae0
- Outcome
- in vitro dry matter disappearancee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- unfertilized foragese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in vitro dry matter disappearance was greater for unfertilized forages compared with those fertilized with either urea or dairy slurry”
t0“oat forages”
Claim · model-written summary
Dairy slurry reduced in vitro dry matter disappearance versus unfertilized forage.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- dairy slurrye0
- Outcome
- in vitro dry matter disappearancee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- unfertilized foragese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in vitro dry matter disappearance was greater for unfertilized forages compared with those fertilized with either urea or dairy slurry”
t0“oat forages”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter disappearance declined linearly with urea rate.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- urea fertilization ratee0
- Outcome
- disappearancee0
- Direction
- declined linearlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“disappearance declined linearly with urea fertilization rate”
t0“oat forages”
Claim · model-written summary
Neutral detergent fiber disappearance did not show the same response.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Outcome
- neutral detergent fiber disappearancee0
- Direction
- not detectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these responses were not detected for neutral detergent fiber disappearance”
t0“oat forages”
Claim · model-written summary
Overall forage nutritive value declined mildly with N fertilization.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- forage nutritive valuee0
- Direction
- declined mildlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“forage nutritive value of fall-grown oat declined mildly in response to N fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors judge the nutritive losses insufficient to offset yield gains.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Outcome
- improved forage yieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these responses were not nearly strong enough to offset the advantages obtained by improved forage yields”
t0“oat forages”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · quality: grain · Avena sativa (oats)Results differ
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →nitrogen · quality: protein · Avena sativa (oats)Results differ
23 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
22 papers more in this group
See all 26 papers →fertilization · growth · Avena sativa (oats)Results differ
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 44 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
50 papers more in this group
See all 54 papers →fertilization · quality: grain · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →nitrogen · growth · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 38 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
44 papers more in this group
See all 48 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.