Abstract
The natural microbes are potential contributor to build up soil nitrogen through transformation of molecular nitrogen to plant available forms. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the contribution of biofertilizer to reduce the synthetic nitrogen application without deteriorating the yield and forage quality . The supplementary nitrogen rates included 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha −1 and the seed inoculation was carried out with the mixture of Azospirillum + Azotobacter spp. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement. The results indicated that organic matter contents and ether extractable fat were negatively associated with both nitrogen and inoculation factors. The inoculation produced 6.58%, 9.58%, 2.51%, 16.94%, 10.26%, 17.59%, 14.02%, 33.81% and 66.18% more No. tillers , plant height, leaf to stem ratio, dry matter yield, mineral matter contents, crude fibre, crude protein, crude protein yield and total digestible crude protein yield, respectively over uninoculation. The interactive effects indicated that inoculation alone without nitrogen application produced 19.16% and 6.87% more dry matter yield and crude protein (%), respectively. The beneficiary effects of biofertilizers on growth and dry matter of oat were more pronounced at intermediate level of inorganic nitrogen which was gradually decreased at higher nitrogen levels. The CP, CPY and DCPY achieved with inoculation alone were statistically equivalent to plots fertilized with 0 and 40 kg N ha −1 . It is clear that plots sown with inoculated seeds must be fertilized with 80 kg N to produce higher dry matter and economic returns. However, the highest protein contents in dry matter were recorded with highest fertilization level along with inoculation. By giving due attention to stimulatory effects of bacterial species in the present study, it is therefore, recommended to integrate the use of biofertilizers with supplemental dose of synthetic nitrogen source to sustain crop production.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Organic matter content was negatively associated with nitrogen and inoculation.
- Taxon
- oat
Avena sativat0 - Treatment
- nitrogen and inoculation factorse0
- Outcome
- organic matter contentse0
- Direction
- negativelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic matter contents and ether extractable fat were negatively associated with both nitrogen and inoculation factors”
t0“oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ether extractable fat was negatively associated with nitrogen and inoculation.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- nitrogen and inoculation factorse0
- Outcome
- ether extractable fate0
- Direction
- negativelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic matter contents and ether extractable fat were negatively associated with both nitrogen and inoculation factors”
t0“oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased tiller number by 6.58%.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum + Azotobacter spp.e1symbiont
- Outcome
- No. tillerse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 6.58%e0
- Comparator
- uninoculatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inoculation produced 6.58%, 9.58%, 2.51%, 16.94%, 10.26%, 17.59%, 14.02%, 33.81% and 66.18% more No. tillers , plant height, leaf to stem ratio, dry matter yield, mineral matter contents, crude fibre, crude protein, crude protein yield and total digestible crude protein yield, respectively over uninoculation”
e1“Azospirillum + Azotobacter spp.”
t0“oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased plant height by 9.58%.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum + Azotobacter spp.e1symbiont
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 9.58%e0
- Comparator
- uninoculatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inoculation produced 6.58%, 9.58%, 2.51%, 16.94%, 10.26%, 17.59%, 14.02%, 33.81% and 66.18% more No. tillers , plant height, leaf to stem ratio, dry matter yield, mineral matter contents, crude fibre, crude protein, crude protein yield and total digestible crude protein yield, respectively over uninoculation”
e1“Azospirillum + Azotobacter spp.”
t0“oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased leaf-to-stem ratio by 2.51%.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- leaf to stem ratioe0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 2.51%e0
- Comparator
- uninoculatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inoculation produced 6.58%, 9.58%, 2.51%, 16.94%, 10.26%, 17.59%, 14.02%, 33.81% and 66.18% more No. tillers , plant height, leaf to stem ratio, dry matter yield, mineral matter contents, crude fibre, crude protein, crude protein yield and total digestible crude protein yield, respectively over uninoculation”
t0“oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased dry matter yield by 16.94%.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- dry matter yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 16.94%e0
- Comparator
- uninoculatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inoculation produced 6.58%, 9.58%, 2.51%, 16.94%, 10.26%, 17.59%, 14.02%, 33.81% and 66.18% more No. tillers , plant height, leaf to stem ratio, dry matter yield, mineral matter contents, crude fibre, crude protein, crude protein yield and total digestible crude protein yield, respectively over uninoculation”
t0“oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased mineral matter content by 10.26%.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- mineral matter contentse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 10.26%e0
- Comparator
- uninoculatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inoculation produced 6.58%, 9.58%, 2.51%, 16.94%, 10.26%, 17.59%, 14.02%, 33.81% and 66.18% more No. tillers , plant height, leaf to stem ratio, dry matter yield, mineral matter contents, crude fibre, crude protein, crude protein yield and total digestible crude protein yield, respectively over uninoculation”
t0“oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased crude fibre by 17.59%.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- crude fibree0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 17.59%e0
- Comparator
- uninoculatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inoculation produced 6.58%, 9.58%, 2.51%, 16.94%, 10.26%, 17.59%, 14.02%, 33.81% and 66.18% more No. tillers , plant height, leaf to stem ratio, dry matter yield, mineral matter contents, crude fibre, crude protein, crude protein yield and total digestible crude protein yield, respectively over uninoculation”
t0“oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased crude protein by 14.02%.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- crude proteine0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 14.02%e0
- Comparator
- uninoculatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inoculation produced 6.58%, 9.58%, 2.51%, 16.94%, 10.26%, 17.59%, 14.02%, 33.81% and 66.18% more No. tillers , plant height, leaf to stem ratio, dry matter yield, mineral matter contents, crude fibre, crude protein, crude protein yield and total digestible crude protein yield, respectively over uninoculation”
t0“oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased crude protein yield by 33.81%.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- crude protein yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 33.81%e0
- Comparator
- uninoculatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inoculation produced 6.58%, 9.58%, 2.51%, 16.94%, 10.26%, 17.59%, 14.02%, 33.81% and 66.18% more No. tillers , plant height, leaf to stem ratio, dry matter yield, mineral matter contents, crude fibre, crude protein, crude protein yield and total digestible crude protein yield, respectively over uninoculation”
t0“oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased total digestible crude protein yield by 66.18%.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- total digestible crude protein yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 66.18%e0
- Comparator
- uninoculatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inoculation produced 6.58%, 9.58%, 2.51%, 16.94%, 10.26%, 17.59%, 14.02%, 33.81% and 66.18% more No. tillers , plant height, leaf to stem ratio, dry matter yield, mineral matter contents, crude fibre, crude protein, crude protein yield and total digestible crude protein yield, respectively over uninoculation”
t0“oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation without nitrogen increased dry matter yield by 19.16%.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculation alone without nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- dry matter yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 19.16%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation alone without nitrogen application produced 19.16% and 6.87% more dry matter yield and crude protein (%), respectively”
t0“oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation without nitrogen increased crude protein by 6.87%.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculation alone without nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- crude protein (%)e0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 6.87%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation alone without nitrogen application produced 19.16% and 6.87% more dry matter yield and crude protein (%), respectively”
t0“oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer effects on growth and dry matter were strongest at intermediate nitrogen and declined at higher nitrogen.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- biofertilizerse0
- Outcome
- growth and dry matter of oate0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Qualifier
- intermediate level of inorganic nitrogene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“beneficiary effects of biofertilizers on growth and dry matter of oat were more pronounced at intermediate level of inorganic nitrogen which was gradually decreased at higher nitrogen levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude protein, crude protein yield and digestible crude protein yield from inoculation alone were statistically equivalent to fertilized plots at 0 and 40 kg N ha−1.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculation alonee0
- Outcome
- CP, CPY and DCPYe0
- Direction
- statistically equivalente0
- Comparator
- plots fertilized with 0 and 40 kg N ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CP, CPY and DCPY achieved with inoculation alone were statistically equivalent to plots fertilized with 0 and 40 kg N ha −1”
t0“oat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that inoculated oat should receive 80 kg N for higher dry matter and economic returns.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- 80 kg Ne0
- Outcome
- fertilized with 80 kg Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plots sown with inoculated seeds must be fertilized with 80 kg N to produce higher dry matter and economic returns”
t0“oat”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest protein content in dry matter occurred with the highest fertilization level plus inoculation.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- highest fertilization level along with inoculatione0
- Outcome
- protein contents in dry mattere0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest protein contents in dry matter were recorded with highest fertilization level along with inoculation”
t0“oat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend combining biofertilizers with supplemental synthetic nitrogen to sustain crop production.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Outcome
- integrate the use of biofertilizers with supplemental dose of synthetic nitrogen sourcee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“recommended to integrate the use of biofertilizers with supplemental dose of synthetic nitrogen source to sustain crop production”
t0“oat”
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