Abstract
Wheat, barley and oats were grown in undrained plastic buckets containing soil collected from upper, mid and lower slopes of a valley that was subject to winter waterlogging. Two weeks after planting, the water content for each soil was either maintained at 80 per cent of full water holding capacity or subjected to intermittent or continuous waterlogging for six weeks. In a second experiment, using lowerslope soil only, the same three cereals were subjected to similar waterlogging treatments commencing at two or six weeks after planting or at ear emergence. In this experiment the plants received either no nitrogen fertilizer or 100 kg nitrogen ha-1. Both soil composition and waterlogging had a significant effect on plant yield but the effect of waterlogging was much greater. Waterlogging reduced root growth and penetration, the production of tillers and fertile heads, and delayed ear emergence and plant maturation. Reduction in plant growth rate was measurable within three days from the onset of waterlogging. In the first experiment intermittent and continuous waterlogging reduced vegetative growth yield (mean of three cereals in three soils) by 37 per cent and 55 per cent respectively; and wheat grain yields by 40 per cent and 53 per cent respectively. However, there was no differential effect of the two waterlogging treatments on the grain yield of barley and oats, the mean reduction being 39 per cent for barley and 48 per cent for oats. In the second experiment waterlogging at the earliest growth stage resulted in the greatest reduction in root, herbage and grain yield. Waterlogging at ear emergence killed some tillers and roots and reduced the plants stability at maturity. Grain size was reduced in some treatments. Application of nitrogen fertilizer compensated, either partially or fully, for reduction in grain yield due to waterlogging treatments on all three cereals. Some reasons for yield reduction in the three species and the practical implications of the results are discussed.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Intermittent waterlogging reduced vegetative growth yield by 37 per cent relative to 80 per cent of full water holding capacity.
- Taxon
- wheat, barley and oats
Avena sativa.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgare
Triticum aestivume2 - Treatment
- intermittente0
- Outcome
- vegetative growth yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 37 per cente0
- Comparator
- 80 per cent of full water holding capacitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In the first experiment intermittent and continuous waterlogging reduced vegetative growth yield (mean of three cereals in three soils) by 37 per cent and 55 per cent respectively; and wheat grain yields by 40 per cent and 53 per cent respectively.”
e1“the water content for each soil was either maintained at 80 per cent of full water holding capacity or subjected to intermittent or continuous waterlogging for six weeks”
e2“wheat, barley and oats”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous waterlogging reduced vegetative growth yield by 55 per cent relative to 80 per cent of full water holding capacity.
- Taxon
- wheat, barley and oatsAvena sativaHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- continuouse0
- Outcome
- vegetative growth yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 55 per cente0
- Comparator
- 80 per cent of full water holding capacitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the first experiment intermittent and continuous waterlogging reduced vegetative growth yield (mean of three cereals in three soils) by 37 per cent and 55 per cent respectively; and wheat grain yields by 40 per cent and 53 per cent respectively.”
e1“the water content for each soil was either maintained at 80 per cent of full water holding capacity or subjected to intermittent or continuous waterlogging for six weeks”
e2“wheat, barley and oats”
Claim · model-written summary
Intermittent waterlogging reduced wheat grain yield by 40 per cent relative to 80 per cent of full water holding capacity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- intermittente0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 40 per cente0
- Comparator
- 80 per cent of full water holding capacitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the first experiment intermittent and continuous waterlogging reduced vegetative growth yield (mean of three cereals in three soils) by 37 per cent and 55 per cent respectively; and wheat grain yields by 40 per cent and 53 per cent respectively.”
e1“the water content for each soil was either maintained at 80 per cent of full water holding capacity or subjected to intermittent or continuous waterlogging for six weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous waterlogging reduced wheat grain yield by 53 per cent relative to 80 per cent of full water holding capacity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- continuouse0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 53 per cente0
- Comparator
- 80 per cent of full water holding capacitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the first experiment intermittent and continuous waterlogging reduced vegetative growth yield (mean of three cereals in three soils) by 37 per cent and 55 per cent respectively; and wheat grain yields by 40 per cent and 53 per cent respectively.”
e1“the water content for each soil was either maintained at 80 per cent of full water holding capacity or subjected to intermittent or continuous waterlogging for six weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley grain yield was reduced by 39 per cent under waterlogging relative to 80 per cent of full water holding capacity.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 39 per cente0
- Comparator
- 80 per cent of full water holding capacitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, there was no differential effect of the two waterlogging treatments on the grain yield of barley and oats, the mean reduction being 39 per cent for barley and 48 per cent for oats.”
e1“the water content for each soil was either maintained at 80 per cent of full water holding capacity or subjected to intermittent or continuous waterlogging for six weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
Oat grain yield was reduced by 48 per cent under waterlogging relative to 80 per cent of full water holding capacity.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 48 per cente0
- Comparator
- 80 per cent of full water holding capacitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, there was no differential effect of the two waterlogging treatments on the grain yield of barley and oats, the mean reduction being 39 per cent for barley and 48 per cent for oats.”
e1“the water content for each soil was either maintained at 80 per cent of full water holding capacity or subjected to intermittent or continuous waterlogging for six weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
The two waterlogging treatments had no differential effect on barley and oat grain yield.
- Taxon
- barley and oatsAvena sativaHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- two waterlogging treatmentse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- no differential effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, there was no differential effect of the two waterlogging treatments on the grain yield of barley and oats, the mean reduction being 39 per cent for barley and 48 per cent for oats.”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging at the earliest growth stage gave the greatest reduction in root, herbage and grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheat, barley and oatsAvena sativaHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- earliest growth stagee0
- Treatment
- waterlogging at the earliest growth stagee0
- Outcome
- root, herbage and grain yielde0
- Direction
- greatest reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the second experiment waterlogging at the earliest growth stage resulted in the greatest reduction in root, herbage and grain yield.”
e1“wheat, barley and oats”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging at ear emergence killed some tillers and roots.
- Taxon
- wheat, barley and oatsAvena sativaHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Waterlogging at ear emergencee0
- Outcome
- tillers and rootse0
- Direction
- killede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Waterlogging at ear emergence killed some tillers and roots and reduced the plants stability at maturity.”
e1“wheat, barley and oats”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging at ear emergence reduced plant stability at maturity.
- Taxon
- wheat, barley and oatsAvena sativaHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Waterlogging at ear emergencee0
- Outcome
- plants stability at maturitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Waterlogging at ear emergence killed some tillers and roots and reduced the plants stability at maturity.”
e1“wheat, barley and oats”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain size was reduced in some waterlogging treatments.
- Taxon
- wheat, barley and oatsAvena sativaHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- some treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Grain sizee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain size was reduced in some treatments.”
e1“wheat, barley and oats”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer at 100 kg nitrogen ha-1 partially or fully compensated for waterlogging-induced grain yield loss.
- Taxon
- wheat, barley and oatsAvena sativaHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- 100 kg nitrogen ha-1e1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- compensatede0
- Qualifier
- either partially or fullye0
- Comparator
- no nitrogen fertilizere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of nitrogen fertilizer compensated, either partially or fully, for reduction in grain yield due to waterlogging treatments on all three cereals.”
e1“In this experiment the plants received either no nitrogen fertilizer or 100 kg nitrogen ha-1”
e2“wheat, barley and oats”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging had a greater effect on plant yield than soil composition.
- Taxon
- wheat, barley and oatsAvena sativaHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- plant yielde0
- Direction
- much greatere0
- Comparator
- soil compositione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both soil composition and waterlogging had a significant effect on plant yield but the effect of waterlogging was much greater.”
e1“wheat, barley and oats”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging reduced root growth and penetration.
- Taxon
- wheat, barley and oatsAvena sativaHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- root growth and penetratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Waterlogging reduced root growth and penetration, the production of tillers and fertile heads, and delayed ear emergence and plant maturation.”
e1“wheat, barley and oats”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging reduced the production of tillers and fertile heads.
- Taxon
- wheat, barley and oatsAvena sativaHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- production of tillers and fertile headse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Waterlogging reduced root growth and penetration, the production of tillers and fertile heads, and delayed ear emergence and plant maturation.”
e1“wheat, barley and oats”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging delayed ear emergence and plant maturation.
- Taxon
- wheat, barley and oatsAvena sativaHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- ear emergence and plant maturatione0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Waterlogging reduced root growth and penetration, the production of tillers and fertile heads, and delayed ear emergence and plant maturation.”
e1“wheat, barley and oats”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduction in plant growth rate was measurable within three days of the onset of waterlogging.
- Taxon
- wheat, barley and oatsAvena sativaHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- onset of waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- plant growth ratee0
- Direction
- Reductione0
- Qualifier
- within three dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduction in plant growth rate was measurable within three days from the onset of waterlogging.”
e1“wheat, barley and oats”
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See all 116 papers →8 of 14 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.