Abstract
Effects of salinity and nutrients on carbon gain in relation to water use were studied in the grey mangrove, Avicennia marina, growing along a natural salinity gradient in south-eastern Australia. Tall trees characterized areas of seawater salinities (fringe zone) and stunted trees dominated landward hypersaline areas (scrub zone). Trees were fertilized with nitrogen (+N) or phosphorus (+P) or unfertilized. There was no significant effect of +P on shoot growth, whereas +N enhanced canopy development, particularly in scrub trees. Scrub trees maintained greater CO(2) assimilation per unit water transpired (water-use efficiency, WUE) and had lower nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE; CO(2) assimilation rate per unit leaf nitrogen) than fringe trees. The CO(2) assimilation rates of +N trees were similar to those in other treatments, but were achieved at lower transpiration rates, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO(2) concentrations. Maintaining comparable assimilation rates at lower stomatal conductance requires greater ribulose 1.5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity, consistent with greater N content per unit leaf area in +N trees. Hence, +N enhanced WUE at the expense of NUE. Instantaneous WUE estimates were supported by less negative foliar delta(13)C values for +N trees and scrub control trees. Thus, nutrient enrichment may alter the structure and function of mangrove forests along salinity gradients.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus fertilization had no significant effect on shoot growth.
- Taxon
- Avicennia marina
Avicennia marinat0 - Treatment
- +Pe0
- Outcome
- shoot growthe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant effect of +P on shoot growth”
t0“grey mangrove, Avicennia marina”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization enhanced canopy development, particularly in scrub trees.
- Taxon
- Avicennia marinaAvicennia marinat0
- Treatment
- +Ne0
- Outcome
- canopy developmente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- particularly in scrub treese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“+N enhanced canopy development, particularly in scrub trees”
t0“grey mangrove, Avicennia marina”
Claim · model-written summary
Scrub trees had greater water-use efficiency than fringe trees.
- Taxon
- Avicennia marinaAvicennia marinat0
- Material
- Scrub treese0
- Outcome
- water-use efficiencye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- fringe treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scrub trees maintained greater CO(2) assimilation per unit water transpired (water-use efficiency, WUE) and had lower nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE; CO(2) assimilation rate per unit leaf nitrogen) than fringe trees”
t0“grey mangrove, Avicennia marina”
Claim · model-written summary
Scrub trees had lower nitrogen-use efficiency than fringe trees.
- Taxon
- Avicennia marinaAvicennia marinat0
- Outcome
- nitrogen-use efficiencye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- fringe treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scrub trees maintained greater CO(2) assimilation per unit water transpired (water-use efficiency, WUE) and had lower nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE; CO(2) assimilation rate per unit leaf nitrogen) than fringe trees”
t0“grey mangrove, Avicennia marina”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen-fertilized trees had similar CO2 assimilation rates to other treatments.
- Taxon
- Avicennia marinaAvicennia marinat0
- Treatment
- +Ne0
- Outcome
- CO(2) assimilation ratese0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CO(2) assimilation rates of +N trees were similar to those in other treatments”
t0“grey mangrove, Avicennia marina”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen-fertilized trees achieved assimilation at lower transpiration rates, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentrations.
- Taxon
- Avicennia marinaAvicennia marinat0
- Outcome
- transpiration rates, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO(2) concentrationse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but were achieved at lower transpiration rates, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO(2) concentrations”
t0“grey mangrove, Avicennia marina”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen-fertilized trees had greater nitrogen content per unit leaf area.
- Taxon
- Avicennia marinaAvicennia marinat0
- Outcome
- N content per unit leaf areae0
- Direction
- greatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“consistent with greater N content per unit leaf area in +N trees”
t0“grey mangrove, Avicennia marina”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization enhanced water-use efficiency at the expense of nitrogen-use efficiency.
- Taxon
- Avicennia marinaAvicennia marinat0
- Treatment
- +Ne0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- at the expense of NUEe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hence, +N enhanced WUE at the expense of NUE”
t0“grey mangrove, Avicennia marina”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen-fertilized and scrub control trees had less negative foliar delta13C values.
- Taxon
- Avicennia marinaAvicennia marinat0
- Outcome
- foliar delta(13)C valuese0
- Direction
- less negativee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“less negative foliar delta(13)C values for +N trees and scrub control trees”
t0“grey mangrove, Avicennia marina”