Abstract
Cultured parsley (Petroselinum crispum) cells respond to treatment with elicitors derived from different species of the genus Phytophthora with transcript accumulation of defense-associated genes and the production of furanocoumarin phytoalexins. Pep-25, an oligopeptide fragment of a Phytophthora sojae 42-kDa cell wall protein, and a cell wall elicitor preparation derived from Phytophthora parasitica (Pp-elicitor) stimulate accumulation of the same gene transcripts and formation of the same pattern of furanocoumarins. Treatment of cultured cells and protoplasts with proteinase-digested Pp-elicitor identified proteinaceous constituents as active eliciting compounds in parsley. Similar to Pep- 25, Pp-elicitor induced effluxes of K+ and Cl- and influxes of protons and Ca2+. Concomitantly, as monitored in aequorin-transgenic parsley cell lines both elicitors induced an immediate increase in the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration up to sustained levels of 175 nM (Pp-elicitor) or 300 nM (Pep-25), respectively. The signature of the Ca2+ response differed greatly between the two elicitors tested. Extracellular Ca2+ proved essential for activation of an oxidative burst, MAP kinase activity and phytoalexin production by either elicitor. While Pp-elicitor induced a qualitatively similar spectrum of defense responses as did Pep-25, elicitor-specific quantitative differences in response intensity and kinetics suggest activation of a conserved signaling cascade through separate ligand binding sites.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Pep-25 stimulated defense transcript accumulation and the same furanocoumarin pattern as Pp-elicitor.
- Taxon
- parsley
Petroselinum crispume1 - Treatment
- Pep-25e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of the same gene transcripts and formation of the same pattern of furanocoumarinse0
- Direction
- stimulatee0
- Comparator
- Pp-elicitore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pep-25, an oligopeptide fragment of a Phytophthora sojae 42-kDa cell wall protein, and a cell wall elicitor preparation derived from Phytophthora parasitica (Pp-elicitor) stimulate accumulation of the same gene transcripts and formation of the same pattern of furanocoumarins”
e1“Cultured parsley (Petroselinum crispum) cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Pp-elicitor stimulated defense transcript accumulation and furanocoumarin formation.
- Taxon
- parsleyPetroselinum crispume1
- Treatment
- Pp-elicitore0
- Outcome
- accumulation of the same gene transcripts and formation of the same pattern of furanocoumarinse0
- Direction
- stimulatee0
- Comparator
- Pep-25e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pep-25, an oligopeptide fragment of a Phytophthora sojae 42-kDa cell wall protein, and a cell wall elicitor preparation derived from Phytophthora parasitica (Pp-elicitor) stimulate accumulation of the same gene transcripts and formation of the same pattern of furanocoumarins”
e1“Cultured parsley (Petroselinum crispum) cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteinase digestion identified proteinaceous constituents as active parsley elicitors.
- Taxon
- parsleyPetroselinum crispume0
- Treatment
- proteinase-digested Pp-elicitore0
- Outcome
- proteinaceous constituents as active eliciting compoundse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of cultured cells and protoplasts with proteinase-digested Pp-elicitor identified proteinaceous constituents as active eliciting compounds in parsley”
Claim · model-written summary
Pp-elicitor induced potassium and chloride effluxes.
- Taxon
- parsleyPetroselinum crispume1
- Treatment
- Pp-elicitore0
- Outcome
- effluxes of K+ and Cl-e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar to Pep- 25, Pp-elicitor induced effluxes of K+ and Cl- and influxes of protons and Ca2+”
e1“Cultured parsley (Petroselinum crispum) cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Pp-elicitor induced proton and calcium influxes.
- Taxon
- parsleyPetroselinum crispume1
- Treatment
- Pp-elicitore0
- Outcome
- influxes of protons and Ca2+e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar to Pep- 25, Pp-elicitor induced effluxes of K+ and Cl- and influxes of protons and Ca2+”
e1“Cultured parsley (Petroselinum crispum) cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Pp-elicitor immediately increased cytoplasmic calcium to sustained 175 nM levels.
- Taxon
- parsleyPetroselinum crispume0
- Material
- aequorin-transgenic parsley cell linese0
- Treatment
- Pp-elicitore0
- Outcome
- cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentratione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 175 nMe0
- Qualifier
- sustained levelse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as monitored in aequorin-transgenic parsley cell lines both elicitors induced an immediate increase in the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration up to sustained levels of 175 nM (Pp-elicitor) or 300 nM (Pep-25), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Pep-25 immediately increased cytoplasmic calcium to sustained 300 nM levels.
- Taxon
- parsleyPetroselinum crispume0
- Material
- aequorin-transgenic parsley cell linese0
- Treatment
- Pep-25e0
- Outcome
- cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentratione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 300 nMe0
- Qualifier
- sustained levelse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as monitored in aequorin-transgenic parsley cell lines both elicitors induced an immediate increase in the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration up to sustained levels of 175 nM (Pp-elicitor) or 300 nM (Pep-25), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium response signatures differed greatly between elicitors.
- Taxon
- parsleyPetroselinum crispume1
- Outcome
- signature of the Ca2+ responsee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The signature of the Ca2+ response differed greatly between the two elicitors tested”
e1“Cultured parsley (Petroselinum crispum) cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracellular calcium was essential for elicitor activation of oxidative burst, MAP kinase activity and phytoalexin production.
- Taxon
- parsleyPetroselinum crispume1
- Compound
- Extracellular Ca2+e0
- Outcome
- activation of an oxidative burst, MAP kinase activity and phytoalexin productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Extracellular Ca2+ proved essential for activation of an oxidative burst, MAP kinase activity and phytoalexin production by either elicitor”
e1“Cultured parsley (Petroselinum crispum) cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Quantitative differences suggest a conserved signaling cascade activated through separate ligand binding sites.
- Taxon
- parsleyPetroselinum crispume1
- Outcome
- activation of a conserved signaling cascadee0
- Qualifier
- through separate ligand binding sitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elicitor-specific quantitative differences in response intensity and kinetics suggest activation of a conserved signaling cascade through separate ligand binding sites”
e1“Cultured parsley (Petroselinum crispum) cells”