Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a general defense response in plants that is characterized by the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. SAR can be induced after a hypersensitive response to an avirulent pathogen or by treatment with either salicylic acid (SA) or 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA). To dissect the signal transduction pathway of SAR, we isolated an Arabidopsis mutant that lacks the expression of an SA-, INA-, and pathogen-responsive chimeric reporter gene composed of the 5[prime] untranslated region of an Arabidopsis PR gene, [beta]-1,3-glucanase (BGL2), and the coding region of [beta]-glucuronidase (GUS). This mutant, npr1 (nonexpresser of PR genes), carries a single recessive mutation that abolishes the SAR-responsive expression of other PR genes as well. While SA-, INA-, or avirulent pathogen-induced SAR protects wild-type plants from Pseudomonas syringae infection, the mutant cannot be protected by pretreatment with these inducers. The insensitivity of npr1 to SA, INA, and avirulent pathogens in SAR induction indicates that these inducers share a common signal transduction pathway. Moreover, in npr1, the localized expression of PR genes induced by a virulent Pseudomonas pathogen is disrupted, and the lesion formed is less confined. These results suggest a role for PR genes in preventing the proximal spread of pathogens in addition to their suggested role in SAR.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
An Arabidopsis mutant was isolated that lacks expression of an SA-, INA- and pathogen-responsive chimeric reporter gene.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Gene
- chimeric reporter genee0
- Outcome
- lacks the expression of an SA-, INA-, and pathogen-responsive chimeric reporter genee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis mutant that lacks the expression of an SA-, INA-, and pathogen-responsive chimeric reporter gene”
Claim · model-written summary
The npr1 mutant carries a single recessive mutation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- npr1e0
- Outcome
- carries a single recessive mutatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“npr1 (nonexpresser of PR genes), carries a single recessive mutation”
e1“Arabidopsis mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
The npr1 mutation abolishes the SAR-responsive expression of other PR genes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- npr1e2
- Gene
- PR genese0
- Outcome
- abolishes the SAR-responsive expression of other PR genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a single recessive mutation that abolishes the SAR-responsive expression of other PR genes as well”
e1“Arabidopsis mutant”
e2“This mutant, npr1”
Claim · model-written summary
SA-, INA- or avirulent pathogen-induced SAR protects wild-type Arabidopsis plants from Pseudomonas syringae infection.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- wild-type plantse0
- Treatment
- SA-, INA-, or avirulent pathogen-induced SARe0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudomonas syringaee0pathogen - Outcome
- Pseudomonas syringae infectione0
- Direction
- protectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA-, INA-, or avirulent pathogen-induced SAR protects wild-type plants from Pseudomonas syringae infection”
e1“Arabidopsis mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
The npr1 mutant cannot be protected by pretreatment with SA, INA or avirulent pathogen inducers.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- mutante0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with these inducerse0
- Outcome
- protectede0
- Direction
- cannot be protectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mutant cannot be protected by pretreatment with these inducers”
e1“Arabidopsis mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
The insensitivity of npr1 to SA, INA and avirulent pathogens in SAR induction indicates these inducers share a common signal transduction pathway.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- npr1e0
- Outcome
- these inducers share a common signal transduction pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The insensitivity of npr1 to SA, INA, and avirulent pathogens in SAR induction indicates that these inducers share a common signal transduction pathway”
e1“Arabidopsis mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
In npr1, the localized expression of PR genes induced by a virulent Pseudomonas pathogen is disrupted.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- npr1e0
- Treatment
- virulent Pseudomonas pathogene0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas
Pseudomonase0pathogen - Gene
- PR genese0
- Outcome
- localized expression of PR genese0
- Direction
- disruptede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in npr1, the localized expression of PR genes induced by a virulent Pseudomonas pathogen is disrupted”
e1“Arabidopsis mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
In npr1, the lesion formed after virulent Pseudomonas infection is less confined.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Outcome
- lesion formed is less confinede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lesion formed is less confined”
e1“Arabidopsis mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest a role for PR genes in preventing the proximal spread of pathogens.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- PR genese0
- Outcome
- preventing the proximal spread of pathogense0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results suggest a role for PR genes in preventing the proximal spread of pathogens”
e1“Arabidopsis mutant”
The same questions in other papers
Pseudomonas · molecular: expression · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.