Abstract
The challenges associated with the adoption of conservation tillage and/or low-input cropping systems, whether organic or herbicide-free, across Canada are shaped by scale, environment, and local practices. A study in eastern Canada captured the challenges of introducing low-input cropping systems in mature (20+ yr) tillage treatments in a barley/red clover/corn/soybean rotation. Each mature tillage system came with its own weed problems, but this did not affect crops such as barley and red clover, which produced similar yields across high and low input systems. However, some form of primary tillage was needed to achieve adequate weed control and yield in organic (ORG) and herbicide-free (HF) systems. The HF and ORG systems with no-till actually failed to produce a corn crop but produced soybean yields that were half or less than that for other treatments. The successful combination of conservation tillage practices and low-input systems in eastern Canada would thus appear to be crop-specific, being easier to achieve in competitive cereal crops. In western Canadian organic agriculture, tillage is practiced with low-disturbance chisel plows instead of inversion plows. However, green manure crops (summer cover crops) are often terminated with tandem discs. Both roller crimpers and mowing can successfully kill annual green manure crops such as field pea and rye, and usually result in reduced weed growth following termination. However, the lack of tillage can result in lower crop yields in wheat following green manure terminated by roller crimping compared to tillage. Challenges for no-till organic practices include perennial weed control and soil fertility. Overall, flexible crop production programs such as the former Manitoba Pesticide Free Production program and the “Agriculture raisonnée TM ” program in Québec are more likely to promote sustained environmental, economic, and social prosperity than rigid adherence to organic or no-till practices.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Barley and red clover produced similar yields across high and low input systems
- Taxon
- barley and red clover
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Hordeum vulgare
Trifolium pratensee1 - Outcome
- yieldse1
- Qualifier
- similar yields across high and low input systemse1
- Setting
- eastern Canadae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“A study in eastern Canada captured the challenges of introducing low-input cropping systems in mature (20+ yr) tillage treatments in a barley/red clover/corn/soybean rotation”
e1“Each mature tillage system came with its own weed problems, but this did not affect crops such as barley and red clover, which produced similar yields across high and low input systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Some form of primary tillage was needed for adequate weed control and yield in organic and herbicide-free systems
- Taxon
- barley/red clover/corn/soybean
Glycine maxHordeum vulgareTrifolium pratense
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- some form of primary tillagee2
- Outcome
- adequate weed control and yielde2
- Qualifier
- in organic (ORG) and herbicide-free (HF) systemse2
- Setting
- eastern Canadae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A study in eastern Canada captured the challenges of introducing low-input cropping systems in mature (20+ yr) tillage treatments in a barley/red clover/corn/soybean rotation”
e2“However, some form of primary tillage was needed to achieve adequate weed control and yield in organic (ORG) and herbicide-free (HF) systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide-free and organic no-till systems failed to produce a corn crop
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse3
- Treatment
- no-tille3
- Outcome
- produce a corn crope3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The HF and ORG systems with no-till actually failed to produce a corn crop but produced soybean yields that were half or less than that for other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide-free and organic no-till systems produced soybean yields half or less than other treatments
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe3
- Treatment
- no-tille3
- Outcome
- soybean yieldse3
- Direction
- lowerinferrede3
- Value
- half or lesse3
- Comparator
- other treatmentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The HF and ORG systems with no-till actually failed to produce a corn crop but produced soybean yields that were half or less than that for other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining conservation tillage with low-input systems appears easier to achieve in competitive cereal crops
Verbatim
e0“A study in eastern Canada captured the challenges of introducing low-input cropping systems in mature (20+ yr) tillage treatments in a barley/red clover/corn/soybean rotation”
e4“The successful combination of conservation tillage practices and low-input systems in eastern Canada would thus appear to be crop-specific, being easier to achieve in competitive cereal crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Lack of tillage lowered wheat yields after green manure terminated by roller crimping compared with tillage
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume5 - Treatment
- lack of tillagee5
- Outcome
- crop yieldse5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Qualifier
- following green manure terminated by roller crimpinge5
- Comparator
- tillagee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“However, the lack of tillage can result in lower crop yields in wheat following green manure terminated by roller crimping compared to tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Roller crimpers and mowing can successfully kill annual green manure crops
- Taxon
- field pea and ryee6
- Treatment
- roller crimpers and mowinge6
- Outcome
- kill annual green manure cropse6
- Direction
- successfullye6
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e6“Both roller crimpers and mowing can successfully kill annual green manure crops such as field pea and rye, and usually result in reduced weed growth following termination”
Claim · model-written summary
Roller crimpers and mowing reduced weed growth following green manure termination
- Taxon
- field pea and ryee6
- Treatment
- roller crimpers and mowinge6
- Interactor
- weede6weed
- Outcome
- weed growthe6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Qualifier
- usuallye6
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e6“Both roller crimpers and mowing can successfully kill annual green manure crops such as field pea and rye, and usually result in reduced weed growth following termination”
Claim · model-written summary
Flexible crop production programs are more likely to promote sustained environmental, economic and social prosperity than rigid organic or no-till adherence
- Taxon
- barley/red clover/corn/soybeanGlycine maxHordeum vulgareTrifolium pratenseZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- sustained environmental, economic, and social prosperitye7
- Setting
- eastern Canadae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A study in eastern Canada captured the challenges of introducing low-input cropping systems in mature (20+ yr) tillage treatments in a barley/red clover/corn/soybean rotation”
e7“are more likely to promote sustained environmental, economic, and social prosperity than rigid adherence to organic or no-till practices”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
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- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 390 papers →tillage · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
297 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1,116 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
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See all 1,414 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.