Abstract
Increasing nutrient and water regulations have necessitated development of best management practices for application of nitrogen (N) and water. This study was conducted to determine if there was an optimal balance of N and water applied for late storage cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata). Five rates of N and five irrigation rates arranged in a response surface design replicated three times were supplied to Huron cabbage grown on sandy loam soil to study the interaction of N and water applied. Plots were located at the University of Guelph, Simcoe Research Station, Ontario, Canada from 2003 to 2005. Total and marketable yields were maximized from a low of 278 kg ha -1 N in 2005 to above the highest rate tested (400 kg ha -1 N) in the other 2 yr. In 2005, there were 29 d above 30 °C and marketable yield was 49% lower than 2004, which had only 1 d above 30 °C. A target soil water value of 100% of field capacity was required to maximize yield in all 3 yr. More N is required as the water supply increases. The main influence of irrigation and N application was on head volume. Head density based on fresh weight was not influenced by irrigation or N application, but head density based on dry weight decreased with increased N application. Irrigation and N application should be managed concurrently to maximize yield and quality and N and irrigation efficiency for late storage cabbage. However, N and water will not prevent lost yield due to hot days, which suggests that late-cabbage yields are very sensitive to high air temperatures. Key words: Brassica oleracea var. capitata, cabbage, irrigation, fertigation, quality, nutrient management, air temperature
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Yield maximizing nitrogen rates ranged from 278 kg ha -1 N in 2005 to above 400 kg ha -1 N in the other two years.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatat0 - Outcome
- Total and marketable yieldse0
- Value
- 278 kg ha -1 Ne0
- Qualifier
- above the highest rate tested (400 kg ha -1 N) in the other 2 yre0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total and marketable yields were maximized from a low of 278 kg ha -1 N in 2005 to above the highest rate tested (400 kg ha -1 N) in the other 2 yr.”
t0“cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Marketable cabbage yield in hot 2005 was 49% lower than in 2004.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Outcome
- marketable yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 49%e0
- Qualifier
- 29 d above 30 °Ce0
- Comparator
- 2004e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2005, there were 29 d above 30 °C and marketable yield was 49% lower than 2004, which had only 1 d above 30 °C.”
t0“cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
A soil water target of 100% field capacity maximized yield in all three years.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- 100% of field capacitye0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- maximizee0
- Qualifier
- all 3 yre0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A target soil water value of 100% of field capacity was required to maximize yield in all 3 yr.”
t0“cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
The nitrogen requirement rose as water supply increased.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- water supplye0
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- Moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More N is required as the water supply increases.”
t0“cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation and nitrogen application mainly influenced cabbage head volume.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- irrigation and N applicatione0
- Outcome
- head volumee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The main influence of irrigation and N application was on head volume.”
t0“cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation and nitrogen application did not influence head density based on fresh weight.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- irrigation or N applicatione0
- Outcome
- Head density based on fresh weighte0
- Direction
- not influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Head density based on fresh weight was not influenced by irrigation or N application, but head density based on dry weight decreased with increased N application.”
t0“cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Head density based on dry weight decreased with increased nitrogen application.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- increased N applicatione0
- Outcome
- head density based on dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Head density based on fresh weight was not influenced by irrigation or N application, but head density based on dry weight decreased with increased N application.”
t0“cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend managing nitrogen and irrigation together to maximize cabbage yield, quality and input efficiency.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Outcome
- maximize yield and quality and N and irrigation efficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation and N application should be managed concurrently to maximize yield and quality and N and irrigation efficiency for late storage cabbage.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that nitrogen and water cannot prevent yield loss from hot days.
Verbatim
e0“N and water will not prevent lost yield due to hot days, which suggests that late-cabbage yields are very sensitive to high air temperatures.”
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