Abstract
This experiment was initiated to determine the effects of supplementary lighting of 100 μmol·s -1 ·m -2 (PAR) in combination with four N rates (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg N/liter) on growth of celery (Apium graveolens L.), lettuce (Luctuca sativa L.), broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants in multicellular trays. Supplementary lighting, as compared with natural light alone, increased shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 22%, 40%, 19%, and 24%, and root dry weight by 97%, 42%, 38%, and 21%, respectively. It also increased the percentage of shoot dry matter of broccoli and tomato, leaf area of lettuce and broccoli, and root: shoot dry weight ratio (RSDWR) of celery and broccoli. Compared with 100 mg N/liter, a N rate of 400 mg·liter -1 increased the shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 37%, 38%, 61%, and 38%, respectively. High N fertilization accelerated shoot growth at the expense of root growth, except for tomato where a 16% increase of root dry weight was observed. High N also reduced percentage of shoot dry matter. Supplementary lighting appears to be a promising technique when used in combination with high N rates to improve the production of high quality transplants, particularly those sown early.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary lighting increased shoot dry weight of celery transplants by 22%.
- Taxon
- celery
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Apium graveolens Dulce Groupe1 - Treatment
- Supplementary lightinge1
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 22%e1
- Comparator
- natural light alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
%2C_Elswick%2C_Northumberland_4.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“on growth of celery (Apium graveolens L.), lettuce (Luctuca sativa L.), broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants in multicellular trays”
e1“Supplementary lighting, as compared with natural light alone, increased shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 22%, 40%, 19%, and 24%, and root dry weight by 97%, 42%, 38%, and 21%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary lighting increased shoot dry weight of lettuce transplants by 40%.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae1 - Treatment
- Supplementary lightinge1
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 40%e1
- Comparator
- natural light alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth of celery (Apium graveolens L.), lettuce (Luctuca sativa L.), broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants in multicellular trays”
e1“Supplementary lighting, as compared with natural light alone, increased shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 22%, 40%, 19%, and 24%, and root dry weight by 97%, 42%, 38%, and 21%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary lighting increased shoot dry weight of broccoli transplants by 19%.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicae1 - Treatment
- Supplementary lightinge1
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 19%e1
- Comparator
- natural light alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth of celery (Apium graveolens L.), lettuce (Luctuca sativa L.), broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants in multicellular trays”
e1“Supplementary lighting, as compared with natural light alone, increased shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 22%, 40%, 19%, and 24%, and root dry weight by 97%, 42%, 38%, and 21%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary lighting increased shoot dry weight of tomato transplants by 24%.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- Supplementary lightinge1
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 24%e1
- Comparator
- natural light alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth of celery (Apium graveolens L.), lettuce (Luctuca sativa L.), broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants in multicellular trays”
e1“Supplementary lighting, as compared with natural light alone, increased shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 22%, 40%, 19%, and 24%, and root dry weight by 97%, 42%, 38%, and 21%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary lighting increased root dry weight of celery transplants by 97%.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe1
- Treatment
- Supplementary lightinge1
- Outcome
- root dry weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 97%e1
- Comparator
- natural light alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth of celery (Apium graveolens L.), lettuce (Luctuca sativa L.), broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants in multicellular trays”
e1“Supplementary lighting, as compared with natural light alone, increased shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 22%, 40%, 19%, and 24%, and root dry weight by 97%, 42%, 38%, and 21%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary lighting increased root dry weight of lettuce transplants by 42%.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- Supplementary lightinge1
- Outcome
- root dry weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 42%e1
- Comparator
- natural light alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth of celery (Apium graveolens L.), lettuce (Luctuca sativa L.), broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants in multicellular trays”
e1“Supplementary lighting, as compared with natural light alone, increased shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 22%, 40%, 19%, and 24%, and root dry weight by 97%, 42%, 38%, and 21%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary lighting increased root dry weight of broccoli transplants by 38%.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- Supplementary lightinge1
- Outcome
- root dry weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 38%e1
- Comparator
- natural light alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth of celery (Apium graveolens L.), lettuce (Luctuca sativa L.), broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants in multicellular trays”
e1“Supplementary lighting, as compared with natural light alone, increased shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 22%, 40%, 19%, and 24%, and root dry weight by 97%, 42%, 38%, and 21%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary lighting increased root dry weight of tomato transplants by 21%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Supplementary lightinge1
- Outcome
- root dry weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 21%e1
- Comparator
- natural light alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth of celery (Apium graveolens L.), lettuce (Luctuca sativa L.), broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants in multicellular trays”
e1“Supplementary lighting, as compared with natural light alone, increased shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 22%, 40%, 19%, and 24%, and root dry weight by 97%, 42%, 38%, and 21%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
A nitrogen rate of 400 mg N/liter increased shoot dry weight of celery transplants by 37% compared with 100 mg N/liter.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe2
- Treatment
- N rate of 400e2
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 37%e2
- Comparator
- 100 mg N/litere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth of celery (Apium graveolens L.), lettuce (Luctuca sativa L.), broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants in multicellular trays”
e2“Compared with 100 mg N/liter, a N rate of 400 mg·liter -1 increased the shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 37%, 38%, 61%, and 38%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
A nitrogen rate of 400 mg N/liter increased shoot dry weight of lettuce transplants by 38% compared with 100 mg N/liter.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae2
- Treatment
- N rate of 400e2
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 38%e2
- Comparator
- 100 mg N/litere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth of celery (Apium graveolens L.), lettuce (Luctuca sativa L.), broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants in multicellular trays”
e2“Compared with 100 mg N/liter, a N rate of 400 mg·liter -1 increased the shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 37%, 38%, 61%, and 38%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
A nitrogen rate of 400 mg N/liter increased shoot dry weight of broccoli transplants by 61% compared with 100 mg N/liter.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae2
- Treatment
- N rate of 400e2
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 61%e2
- Comparator
- 100 mg N/litere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth of celery (Apium graveolens L.), lettuce (Luctuca sativa L.), broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants in multicellular trays”
e2“Compared with 100 mg N/liter, a N rate of 400 mg·liter -1 increased the shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 37%, 38%, 61%, and 38%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
A nitrogen rate of 400 mg N/liter increased shoot dry weight of tomato transplants by 38% compared with 100 mg N/liter.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- N rate of 400e2
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 38%e2
- Comparator
- 100 mg N/litere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth of celery (Apium graveolens L.), lettuce (Luctuca sativa L.), broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants in multicellular trays”
e2“Compared with 100 mg N/liter, a N rate of 400 mg·liter -1 increased the shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 37%, 38%, 61%, and 38%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
A nitrogen rate of 400 mg N/liter increased root dry weight of tomato transplants by 16% compared with 100 mg N/liter.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- N rate of 400e2
- Outcome
- root dry weighte3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Value
- 16%e3
- Comparator
- 100 mg N/litere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Compared with 100 mg N/liter, a N rate of 400 mg·liter -1 increased the shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 37%, 38%, 61%, and 38%, respectively”
e3“except for tomato where a 16% increase of root dry weight was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary lighting increased the percentage of shoot dry matter of broccoli transplants.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae4
- Treatment
- Supplementary lightinge1
- Outcome
- percentage of shoot dry mattere4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- natural light alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Supplementary lighting, as compared with natural light alone, increased shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 22%, 40%, 19%, and 24%, and root dry weight by 97%, 42%, 38%, and 21%, respectively”
e4“It also increased the percentage of shoot dry matter of broccoli and tomato, leaf area of lettuce and broccoli, and root: shoot dry weight ratio (RSDWR) of celery and broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary lighting increased the percentage of shoot dry matter of tomato transplants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume4
- Treatment
- Supplementary lightinge1
- Outcome
- percentage of shoot dry mattere4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- natural light alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Supplementary lighting, as compared with natural light alone, increased shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 22%, 40%, 19%, and 24%, and root dry weight by 97%, 42%, 38%, and 21%, respectively”
e4“It also increased the percentage of shoot dry matter of broccoli and tomato, leaf area of lettuce and broccoli, and root: shoot dry weight ratio (RSDWR) of celery and broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary lighting increased leaf area of lettuce transplants.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae4
- Treatment
- Supplementary lightinge1
- Outcome
- leaf areae4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- natural light alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Supplementary lighting, as compared with natural light alone, increased shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 22%, 40%, 19%, and 24%, and root dry weight by 97%, 42%, 38%, and 21%, respectively”
e4“It also increased the percentage of shoot dry matter of broccoli and tomato, leaf area of lettuce and broccoli, and root: shoot dry weight ratio (RSDWR) of celery and broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary lighting increased leaf area of broccoli transplants.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae4
- Treatment
- Supplementary lightinge1
- Outcome
- leaf areae4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- natural light alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Supplementary lighting, as compared with natural light alone, increased shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 22%, 40%, 19%, and 24%, and root dry weight by 97%, 42%, 38%, and 21%, respectively”
e4“It also increased the percentage of shoot dry matter of broccoli and tomato, leaf area of lettuce and broccoli, and root: shoot dry weight ratio (RSDWR) of celery and broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary lighting increased the root:shoot dry weight ratio of celery transplants.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe4
- Treatment
- Supplementary lightinge1
- Outcome
- root: shoot dry weight ratio (RSDWR)e4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- natural light alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Supplementary lighting, as compared with natural light alone, increased shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 22%, 40%, 19%, and 24%, and root dry weight by 97%, 42%, 38%, and 21%, respectively”
e4“It also increased the percentage of shoot dry matter of broccoli and tomato, leaf area of lettuce and broccoli, and root: shoot dry weight ratio (RSDWR) of celery and broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary lighting increased the root:shoot dry weight ratio of broccoli transplants.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae4
- Treatment
- Supplementary lightinge1
- Outcome
- root: shoot dry weight ratio (RSDWR)e4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- natural light alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Supplementary lighting, as compared with natural light alone, increased shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 22%, 40%, 19%, and 24%, and root dry weight by 97%, 42%, 38%, and 21%, respectively”
e4“It also increased the percentage of shoot dry matter of broccoli and tomato, leaf area of lettuce and broccoli, and root: shoot dry weight ratio (RSDWR) of celery and broccoli”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.