Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the abundance and symbiotic efficiency of native rhizobia nodulating common bean in Kisumu and Kakamega, Kenya. Soil sampling was carried out in three farms that had been used for growing common bean for at least two seasons and one fallow land with no known history of growing common bean or inoculation. Abundance of soil rhizobia and symbiotic efficiency (SE) were determined in a greenhouse experiment. Native rhizobia populations ranged from 3.2 × 10(1) to 3.5 × 10(4) cells per gram of soil. Pure bacterial cultures isolated from fresh and healthy root nodules exhibited typical characteristics of Rhizobium sp. on yeast extract mannitol agar media supplemented with Congo red. Bean inoculation with the isolates significantly (p < 0.05) increased the shoot dry weight and nitrogen (N) concentration and content. The SE of all the native rhizobia were higher when compared to a reference strain, CIAT 899 (67%), and ranged from 74% to 170%. Four isolates had SE above a second reference strain, Strain 446 (110%). Our results demonstrate the presence of native rhizobia that are potentially superior to the commercial inoculants. These can be exploited to enhance bean inoculation programmes in the region.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Native rhizobia populations ranged from 3.2 × 10(1) to 3.5 × 10(4) cells per gram soil.
Verbatim
e0“Native rhizobia populations ranged from 3.2 × 10(1) to 3.5 × 10(4) cells per gram of soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Root nodule cultures displayed typical Rhizobium sp. characteristics.
- Outcome
- typical characteristics of Rhizobium sp.e0
RhizobiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pure bacterial cultures isolated from fresh and healthy root nodules exhibited typical characteristics of Rhizobium sp. on yeast extract mannitol agar media supplemented with Congo red”
Claim · model-written summary
Bean inoculation significantly increased shoot dry weight.
- Taxon
- Beane0
- Treatment
- inoculation with the isolatese0
- Interactor
- isolatese0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Bean inoculation with the isolates significantly (p < 0.05) increased the shoot dry weight and nitrogen (N) concentration and content”
Claim · model-written summary
Bean inoculation significantly increased nitrogen concentration and content.
- Taxon
- Beane0
- Treatment
- inoculation with the isolatese0
- Interactor
- isolatese0symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrogen (N) concentration and contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Bean inoculation with the isolates significantly (p < 0.05) increased the shoot dry weight and nitrogen (N) concentration and content”
Claim · model-written summary
All native rhizobia exceeded reference strain CIAT 899 in symbiotic efficiency, ranging from 74% to 170%.
Verbatim
e0“The SE of all the native rhizobia were higher when compared to a reference strain, CIAT 899 (67%), and ranged from 74% to 170%”
Claim · model-written summary
Four isolates exceeded Strain 446 in symbiotic efficiency.
Verbatim
e0“Four isolates had SE above a second reference strain, Strain 446 (110%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose native rhizobia for regional bean inoculation programs.
Verbatim
e0“These can be exploited to enhance bean inoculation programmes in the region”
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