Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Despite their toxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in plant cell signalling pathways, such as mediating responses to stress or infection and in programmed cell death, at lower levels. Although studies have indicated that hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) promotes seed germination of several plants such as Arabidopsis, barley, wheat, rice and sunflower, the role of H(2)O(2) in soybean seed germination is not well known. The aim of this study therefore was to investigate the relationships between ROS, plant hormones and soybean seed germination. METHODS: An examination was made of soybean seed germination, the expression of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis, endogenous ethylene contents, and the number and area of cells in the root tip, using N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant, to counteract the effect of ROS. KEY RESULTS: H(2)O(2) promoted germination, which N-acetylcysteine suppressed, suggesting that ROS are involved in the regulation of soybean germination. H(2)O(2) was produced in the embryonic axis after imbibition. N-Acetylcysteine suppressed the expression of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and the production of endogenous ethylene. Interestingly, ethephon, which is converted to ethylene, and H(2)O(2) reversed the suppression of seed germination by N-acetylcysteine. Furthermore, morphological analysis revealed that N-acetylcysteine suppressed cell elongation at the root tip, and this suppression was also reversed by ethephon or H(2)O(2) treatments, as was the case in germination. CONCLUSIONS: In soybean seeds, ROS produced in the embryonic axis after imbibition induce the production of endogenous ethylene, which promotes cell elongation in the root tip. This appears to be how ROS regulate soybean seed germination.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
H(2)O(2) promoted soybean seed germination.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- H(2)O(2)e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Regulation of soybean seed germination through ethylene production in response to reactive oxygen species”
e0“H(2)O(2) promoted germination, which N-acetylcysteine suppressed, suggesting that ROS are involved in the regulation of soybean germination”
Claim · model-written summary
N-acetylcysteine suppressed soybean seed germination.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- N-acetylcysteinee0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Regulation of soybean seed germination through ethylene production in response to reactive oxygen species”
e0“H(2)O(2) promoted germination, which N-acetylcysteine suppressed, suggesting that ROS are involved in the regulation of soybean germination”
Claim · model-written summary
H(2)O(2) was produced in the embryonic axis of soybean seeds after imbibition.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- embryonic axise1
- Outcome
- H(2)O(2) was producede1
- Qualifier
- after imbibitione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Regulation of soybean seed germination through ethylene production in response to reactive oxygen species”
e1“H(2)O(2) was produced in the embryonic axis after imbibition”
Claim · model-written summary
N-acetylcysteine suppressed the expression of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and the production of endogenous ethylene in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- N-Acetylcysteinee2
- Gene
- genes related to ethylene biosynthesise2
- Outcome
- the expression of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and the production of endogenous ethylenee2
- Direction
- suppressede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Regulation of soybean seed germination through ethylene production in response to reactive oxygen species”
e2“N-Acetylcysteine suppressed the expression of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and the production of endogenous ethylene”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon reversed the suppression of soybean seed germination by N-acetylcysteine.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- ethephone3
- Outcome
- suppression of seed germinatione3
- Direction
- reversede3
- Comparator
- N-acetylcysteinee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Regulation of soybean seed germination through ethylene production in response to reactive oxygen species”
e3“ethephon, which is converted to ethylene, and H(2)O(2) reversed the suppression of seed germination by N-acetylcysteine”
Claim · model-written summary
H(2)O(2) reversed the suppression of soybean seed germination by N-acetylcysteine.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- H(2)O(2)e3
- Outcome
- suppression of seed germinatione3
- Direction
- reversede3
- Comparator
- N-acetylcysteinee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Regulation of soybean seed germination through ethylene production in response to reactive oxygen species”
e3“ethephon, which is converted to ethylene, and H(2)O(2) reversed the suppression of seed germination by N-acetylcysteine”
Claim · model-written summary
N-acetylcysteine suppressed cell elongation at the root tip of soybean seedlings.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- root tipe4
- Treatment
- N-acetylcysteinee4
- Outcome
- cell elongatione4
- Direction
- suppressede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Regulation of soybean seed germination through ethylene production in response to reactive oxygen species”
e4“N-acetylcysteine suppressed cell elongation at the root tip”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon reversed the N-acetylcysteine suppression of root-tip cell elongation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- root tipe4
- Treatment
- ethephone5
- Outcome
- suppressione5
- Direction
- reversede5
- Comparator
- N-acetylcysteinee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Regulation of soybean seed germination through ethylene production in response to reactive oxygen species”
e4“N-acetylcysteine suppressed cell elongation at the root tip”
e5“this suppression was also reversed by ethephon or H(2)O(2) treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
H(2)O(2) reversed the N-acetylcysteine suppression of root-tip cell elongation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- root tipe4
- Treatment
- H(2)O(2)e5
- Outcome
- suppressione5
- Direction
- reversede5
- Comparator
- N-acetylcysteinee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Regulation of soybean seed germination through ethylene production in response to reactive oxygen species”
e4“N-acetylcysteine suppressed cell elongation at the root tip”
e5“this suppression was also reversed by ethephon or H(2)O(2) treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
ROS produced in the embryonic axis after imbibition appear to induce endogenous ethylene production, which promotes soybean seed germination through cell elongation in the root tip.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- endogenous ethylenee6
- Outcome
- soybean seed germinatione7
- Qualifier
- ROS produced in the embryonic axis after imbibition induce the production of endogenous ethylene, which promotes cell elongation in the root tipe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Regulation of soybean seed germination through ethylene production in response to reactive oxygen species”
e6“ROS produced in the embryonic axis after imbibition induce the production of endogenous ethylene, which promotes cell elongation in the root tip”
e7“This appears to be how ROS regulate soybean seed germination”
The same questions in other papers
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