Abstract
The molecular composition of water-soluble lignins isolated from four non-food bioenergy crops (cardoon CAR, eucalyptus EUC, and two black poplars RIP and LIM) was characterized in detail, and their potential bioactivity towards maize germination and early growth evaluated. Lignins were found to not affect seed germination rates, but stimulated the maize seedling development, though to a different extent. RIP promoted root elongation, while CAR only stimulated the length of lateral seminal roots and coleoptile, and LIM improved only the coleoptile development. The most significant bioactivity of CAR was related to its large content of aliphatic OH groups, C-O carbons and lowest hydrophobicity, as assessed by (31)P-NMR and (13)C-CPMAS-NMR spectroscopies. Less bioactive RIP and LIM lignins were similar in composition, but their stimulation of maize seedling was different. This was accounted to their diverse content of aliphatic OH groups and S- and G-type molecules. The poorest bioactivity of the EUC lignin was attributed to its smallest content of aliphatic OH groups and largest hydrophobicity. Both these features may be conducive of a EUC conformational structure tight enough to prevent its alteration by organic acids exuded from vegetal tissues. Conversely the more labile conformational arrangements of the other more hydrophilic lignin extracts promoted their bioactivity by releasing biologically active molecules upon the action of exuded organic acids. Our findings indicate that water-soluble lignins from non-food crops may be effectively used as plant biostimulants, thus contributing to increase the economic and ecological liability of bio-based industries.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Water-soluble lignins did not affect maize germination rates.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lignins were found to not affect seed germination rates”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-soluble lignins stimulated maize seedling development to different extents.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lignins were found to not affect seed germination rates, but stimulated the maize seedling development, though to a different extent”
Claim · model-written summary
RIP lignin promoted maize root elongation.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RIP promoted root elongation”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
CAR lignin stimulated maize lateral seminal root length.
- Organ / stage
- lateral seminal rootse0
- Treatment
- CARe0
- Outcome
- length of lateral seminal rootse0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CAR only stimulated the length of lateral seminal roots and coleoptile”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
CAR lignin stimulated maize coleoptile length.
- Organ / stage
- coleoptilee0
- Treatment
- CARe0
- Outcome
- length of lateral seminal roots and coleoptilee0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CAR only stimulated the length of lateral seminal roots and coleoptile”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
LIM lignin improved maize coleoptile development.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LIM improved only the coleoptile development”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
CAR bioactivity was associated with abundant aliphatic OH groups and C-O carbons and low hydrophobicity.
- Treatment
- CARe0
- Compound
- aliphatic OH groups, C-O carbonse0
- Outcome
- bioactivity of CARe0
- Qualifier
- lowest hydrophobicitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most significant bioactivity of CAR was related to its large content of aliphatic OH groups, C-O carbons and lowest hydrophobicity”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
RIP and LIM had similar composition but different stimulation of maize seedlings.
- Treatment
- RIP and LIM ligninse0
- Outcome
- stimulation of maize seedlinge0
- Qualifier
- similar in compositione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Less bioactive RIP and LIM lignins were similar in composition, but their stimulation of maize seedling was different”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed RIP and LIM stimulation differences to aliphatic OH and S- and G-type molecule content.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Less bioactive RIP and LIM lignins were similar in composition, but their stimulation of maize seedling was different. This was accounted to their diverse content of aliphatic OH groups and S- and G-type molecules”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
EUC lignin had the poorest bioactivity.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The poorest bioactivity of the EUC lignin”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed low EUC bioactivity to few aliphatic OH groups and high hydrophobicity.
- Compound
- aliphatic OH groupse0
- Outcome
- bioactivity of the EUC lignine0
- Qualifier
- largest hydrophobicitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The poorest bioactivity of the EUC lignin was attributed to its smallest content of aliphatic OH groups and largest hydrophobicity”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The proposed EUC lignin structure may resist alteration by organic acids exuded from plant tissue.
- Compound
- organic acidse0
- Outcome
- prevent its alteration by organic acidse0
- Qualifier
- EUC conformational structuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both these features may be conducive of a EUC conformational structure tight enough to prevent its alteration by organic acids exuded from vegetal tissues”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
More hydrophilic lignin extracts may release bioactive molecules after exposure to exuded organic acids.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the more labile conformational arrangements of the other more hydrophilic lignin extracts promoted their bioactivity by releasing biologically active molecules upon the action of exuded organic acids”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose water-soluble lignins from non-food crops as plant biostimulants.
- Outcome
- plant biostimulantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water-soluble lignins from non-food crops may be effectively used as plant biostimulants”
t0“Maize”
The same questions in other papers
lignin · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.