Abstract
The acetylene-reduction assay for nitrogenase activity has shown that the roots ofsorghum and pearl millet stimulate N,jixation. A soil-core assay usedfor measuring nitrogenase activity of field-grown plants showed large planHo-plant variability. An improved core assay (planted core assay) developed at ICRISAT Center showed higher activity than that recorded by regular core assay. In greenhouse assay methods plants with shoots sustained higher activity than the ones whose tops were cut before the assay. Nitrogen(Jse activity varied throughout the day, as well as over the season. Activity was maximum at the lateflowering or early grain:/illing stage and it was related to the ontogenetic development of the plant. Activity was favored in moist, warm (ca 35° C) soil and decreased with high levels of fertilizer N. Genotypic variation in sorghum and pearl millet lines for stimulating rhizospheric nitrogenase activity was observed. Out of 184 pearl millet lines tested, 18 lines stimulated high nitrogenase activity (> 460 nmol C2H4 h-I 15 em diam core-I) in the rhizosphere. Two lines, Gam 73 and J 1407, were consistently active over several seasons. Similarly, 28 of 334 sorghum lines tested had high nitrogenase activity (>460 nmol C2H4 h-I 15 cm diam core-I). At ICRISAT Center, pot-culture experiments with sorghum and pearl millet grown in a low-fertility Alflsol, or in unsterilized washed vermiculite, showed substantial positive balances for N. Long-term N balance studies .in, 'the field with sorghum and pearl millet cultivars are continuing. Using IS N2 it has been shown that 10-days-old sorghum seedlingsfix N2 in the rhizosphere, and part of it is taken up by the plant within 3 days after exposure. The 15 N isotope dilution technz'que has been evaluated for studying genotypic variation in sorghum and pearl millet cultivars for N2 fixation. Many different kinds of bacteria closely associated with the roots of sorghum and pearl millet plants show nitrogenase activity. Responses to inoculation in terms of increased dry-matter production and N uptake have been observed in pot experiments with sorghum and pearl millet grown in Alfisols and vermiculite. In five out of nine field trials with pearl millet cultivars, inoculations with N2:/ixing bacteria significantly increased the grain and plant dry-matter yields in all the cultivars.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum and pearl millet roots stimulated nitrogen fixation.
- Taxon
- sorghum and pearl millet
Cenchrus americanus
Sorghume0 - Outcome
- N,jixatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots ofsorghum and pearl millet stimulate N,jixation”
Claim · model-written summary
A planted core assay showed higher activity than a regular core assay.
- Taxon
- sorghum and pearl milletCenchrus americanusSorghume1
- Outcome
- activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- regular core assaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An improved core assay (planted core assay) developed at ICRISAT Center showed higher activity than that recorded by regular core assay”
e1“roots ofsorghum and pearl millet stimulate N,jixation”
t0“Cereal”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants with shoots had higher activity than plants with cut tops.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Outcome
- activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- ones whose tops were cute0
Verbatim
e0“plants with shoots sustained higher activity than the ones whose tops were cut before the assay”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogenase activity varied by day and season.
- Taxon
- sorghum and pearl milletCenchrus americanusSorghume1
- Outcome
- Nitrogen(Jse activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen(Jse activity varied throughout the day, as well as over the season”
e1“roots ofsorghum and pearl millet stimulate N,jixation”
t0“Cereal”
Claim · model-written summary
Activity peaked at late flowering or early grain filling.
- Taxon
- sorghum and pearl milletCenchrus americanusSorghume1
- Organ / stage
- lateflowering or early grain:/illing stagee0
- Outcome
- Activitye0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Activity was maximum at the lateflowering or early grain:/illing stage”
e1“roots ofsorghum and pearl millet stimulate N,jixation”
t0“Cereal”
Claim · model-written summary
Moist warm soil favored activity.
- Taxon
- sorghum and pearl milletCenchrus americanusSorghume1
- Outcome
- Activitye0
- Direction
- favorede0
- Setting
- moist, warm (ca 35° C) soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Activity was favored in moist, warm (ca 35° C) soil”
e1“roots ofsorghum and pearl millet stimulate N,jixation”
t0“Cereal”
Claim · model-written summary
High fertilizer N decreased activity.
- Taxon
- sorghum and pearl milletCenchrus americanusSorghume1
- Treatment
- high levels of fertilizer Ne0
- Outcome
- Activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Activity was favored in moist, warm (ca 35° C) soil and decreased with high levels of fertilizer N”
e1“roots ofsorghum and pearl millet stimulate N,jixation”
t0“Cereal”
Claim · model-written summary
Eighteen pearl millet lines showed high nitrogenase activity.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Outcome
- nitrogenase activitye0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- > 460 nmol C2H4 h-I 15 em diam core-Ie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“18 lines stimulated high nitrogenase activity (> 460 nmol C2H4 h-I 15 em diam core-I) in the rhizosphere”
e1“184 pearl millet lines tested”
Claim · model-written summary
Gam 73 and J 1407 were consistently active across seasons.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Material
- Gam 73 and J 1407e0
- Outcome
- consistently activee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two lines, Gam 73 and J 1407, were consistently active over several seasons”
e1“Out of 184 pearl millet lines tested”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty-eight sorghum lines had high nitrogenase activity.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“28 of 334 sorghum lines tested had high nitrogenase activity (>460 nmol C2H4 h-I 15 cm diam core-I)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pot experiments with sorghum and pearl millet showed positive N balances.
- Taxon
- sorghum and pearl milletCenchrus americanusSorghume0
- Outcome
- balances for Ne0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pot-culture experiments with sorghum and pearl millet grown in a low-fertility Alflsol, or in unsterilized washed vermiculite, showed substantial positive balances for N”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten-day-old sorghum seedlings fixed rhizospheric N2, some taken up within three days.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“10-days-old sorghum seedlingsfix N2 in the rhizosphere, and part of it is taken up by the plant within 3 days after exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Root-associated bacteria showed nitrogenase activity.
- Taxon
- sorghum and pearl milletCenchrus americanusSorghume0
- Outcome
- bacteria closely associated with the roots of sorghum and pearl millet plants show nitrogenase activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bacteria closely associated with the roots of sorghum and pearl millet plants show nitrogenase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased dry matter production and N uptake in pots.
- Taxon
- sorghum and pearl milletCenchrus americanusSorghume0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- dry-matter production and N uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Responses to inoculation in terms of increased dry-matter production and N uptake have been observed in pot experiments with sorghum and pearl millet grown in Alfisols and vermiculite”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation significantly increased pearl millet grain and dry matter yields in five of nine field trials.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Treatment
- inoculations with N2:/ixing bacteriae0
- Interactor
- N2:/ixing bacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- grain and plant dry-matter yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- five out of nine field trialse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In five out of nine field trials with pearl millet cultivars, inoculations with N2:/ixing bacteria significantly increased the grain and plant dry-matter yields in all the cultivars”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · yield · Cenchrus americanus (pearl millet)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
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See all 55 papers →inoculation · yield · SorghumPositive and negative results
67 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
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See all 76 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.