Abstract
The relatively low reproductive success of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Polygonaceae) is poorly understood. The question arises as to whether this distylous species is pollen or resource limited. We investigated the reproductive biology of buckwheat under controlled conditions in growth rooms and in the field in central Belgium in order to determine whether floral morph and pollination events may affect its reproductive success. In controlled conditions, flowering phenology and flower morphology of the two floral morphs did not differ. However, thrum flowers produced larger and fewer pollen grains and secreted more nectar, with a higher proportion of sucrose, than pin flowers. In the field, thrum flowers were preferentially visited by honeybees, but fewer pollen grains were deposited on their stigmas. However, numbers of pollen tubes growing in styles, seed set, and seed weight did not differ between morphs. Seed set was low under field conditions and did not increase after hand cross‐pollinations, suggesting that there was no pollen limitation. These results indicate that factors other than floral morph or pollination events were governing female fertility in buckwheat.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Thrum flowers produced larger pollen grains than pin flowers.
- Taxon
- Fagopyrum esculentum Moench
Fagopyrum esculentume0 - Material
- thrum flowerse2
- Outcome
- pollen grainse2
- Direction
- largere2
- Comparator
- pin flowerse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relatively low reproductive success of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Polygonaceae) is poorly understood”
e2“However, thrum flowers produced larger and fewer pollen grains and secreted more nectar, with a higher proportion of sucrose, than pin flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
Thrum flowers produced fewer pollen grains than pin flowers.
- Taxon
- Fagopyrum esculentum MoenchFagopyrum esculentume0
- Material
- thrum flowerse2
- Outcome
- pollen grainse2
- Direction
- fewere2
- Comparator
- pin flowerse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relatively low reproductive success of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Polygonaceae) is poorly understood”
e2“However, thrum flowers produced larger and fewer pollen grains and secreted more nectar, with a higher proportion of sucrose, than pin flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
Thrum flowers secreted more nectar than pin flowers.
- Taxon
- Fagopyrum esculentum MoenchFagopyrum esculentume0
- Material
- thrum flowerse2
- Outcome
- nectare2
- Direction
- moree2
- Comparator
- pin flowerse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relatively low reproductive success of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Polygonaceae) is poorly understood”
e2“However, thrum flowers produced larger and fewer pollen grains and secreted more nectar, with a higher proportion of sucrose, than pin flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
Nectar of thrum flowers had a higher proportion of sucrose than that of pin flowers.
- Taxon
- Fagopyrum esculentum MoenchFagopyrum esculentume0
- Material
- thrum flowerse2
- Outcome
- proportion of sucrosee2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- pin flowerse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relatively low reproductive success of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Polygonaceae) is poorly understood”
e2“However, thrum flowers produced larger and fewer pollen grains and secreted more nectar, with a higher proportion of sucrose, than pin flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, honeybees preferentially visited thrum flowers of buckwheat.
- Taxon
- Fagopyrum esculentum MoenchFagopyrum esculentume0
- Material
- thrum flowerse3
- Interactor
- honeybees
_Apis_mellifera_(female)_-_on_viburnum_tinus_flowers.jpg?width=60)
Apis melliferae3pollinator - Outcome
- visitede3
- Qualifier
- preferentiallye3
- Setting
- In the fielde3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Apis_mellifera_(female)_-_on_viburnum_tinus_flowers.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The relatively low reproductive success of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Polygonaceae) is poorly understood”
e3“In the field, thrum flowers were preferentially visited by honeybees, but fewer pollen grains were deposited on their stigmas”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, thrum flowers received fewer pollen grains on their stigmas.
- Taxon
- Fagopyrum esculentum MoenchFagopyrum esculentume0
- Material
- thrum flowerse3
- Outcome
- pollen grainse3
- Direction
- fewere3
- Qualifier
- deposited on their stigmase3
- Setting
- In the fielde3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relatively low reproductive success of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Polygonaceae) is poorly understood”
e3“In the field, thrum flowers were preferentially visited by honeybees, but fewer pollen grains were deposited on their stigmas”
Claim · model-written summary
Numbers of pollen tubes in styles, seed set and seed weight did not differ between the floral morphs.
- Taxon
- Fagopyrum esculentum MoenchFagopyrum esculentume0
- Material
- morphse4
- Outcome
- numbers of pollen tubes growing in styles, seed set, and seed weighte4
- Direction
- did not differe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relatively low reproductive success of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Polygonaceae) is poorly understood”
e4“However, numbers of pollen tubes growing in styles, seed set, and seed weight did not differ between morphs”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed set of buckwheat was low under field conditions.
- Taxon
- Fagopyrum esculentum MoenchFagopyrum esculentume0
- Outcome
- Seed sete5
- Direction
- lowe5
- Setting
- under field conditionse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relatively low reproductive success of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Polygonaceae) is poorly understood”
e5“Seed set was low under field conditions and did not increase after hand cross‐pollinations, suggesting that there was no pollen limitation”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand cross-pollination did not increase seed set of buckwheat.
- Taxon
- Fagopyrum esculentum MoenchFagopyrum esculentume0
- Treatment
- hand cross‐pollinationse5
- Outcome
- Seed sete5
- Direction
- did not increasee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relatively low reproductive success of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Polygonaceae) is poorly understood”
e5“Seed set was low under field conditions and did not increase after hand cross‐pollinations, suggesting that there was no pollen limitation”
Claim · model-written summary
Female fertility of buckwheat is governed by factors other than floral morph or pollination events.
- Taxon
- Fagopyrum esculentum MoenchFagopyrum esculentume0
- Outcome
- female fertilitye6
- Qualifier
- factors other than floral morph or pollination eventse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relatively low reproductive success of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Polygonaceae) is poorly understood”
e6“These results indicate that factors other than floral morph or pollination events were governing female fertility in buckwheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering phenology and flower morphology did not differ between the floral morphs under controlled conditions.
- Taxon
- Fagopyrum esculentum MoenchFagopyrum esculentume0
- Material
- floral morphse1
- Outcome
- flowering phenology and flower morphologye1
- Direction
- did not differe1
- Setting
- controlled conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relatively low reproductive success of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Polygonaceae) is poorly understood”
e1“In controlled conditions, flowering phenology and flower morphology of the two floral morphs did not differ”
The same questions in other papers
pollination · yield · Fagopyrum esculentum (common buckwheat)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.