Abstract
Echinochloa turneriana (Domin) J. M. Black (Channel millet) is a wild grass native to the arid Channel Country of inland Australia, where it is used as forage and hay. In its native habitat flooding induces germination, and the plant can complete its life cycle with this single watering. The present study was conducted to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms which allow Channel millet to develop from germination to harvest with a single watering. Channel millet's drought resistance was compared with that of Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke (pearl millet), an important drought-resistant crop, and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. var. oryzicola (Vasinger) Ohwi (oryzicola), an obligate rice field weed. Plants of each species were grown under well-watered (control) and droughted conditions under long days in a greenhouse and under long and short days ifi a growth cabinet. Under long days, control and droughted Channel millet plants flowered before controls of pearl millet and oryzicola. Under long days and droughted conditions in the greenhouse flowering was delayed, and plant height, shoot dry weight, panicle number and tiller number were decreased in each species. Active osmotic adjustment under drought was detected in pearl millet by the pressure-volume and expressed sap methods, but was not observed in the other two species. The bulk modulus of elasticity decreased (cell wall elasticity increased) significantly under drought in Channel millet, but not in pearl millet or oryzicola. The apoplastic water volume was about 20% for all species and treatments. This study suggests that Channel millet's rapid development is important in helping the plant to complete its life cycle before the onset of a severe water deficit. Once severe water deficits develop, no osmotic adjustment occurs in Channel millet, and turgor is significantly decreased despite a decrease in the bulk modulus of elasticity.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Channel millet flowered earlier under long days than pearl millet and oryzicola, with or without drought.
- Taxon
- Channel millet
Echinochloa turnerianae0 - Outcome
- flowerede1
- Direction
- beforee1
- Qualifier
- under long dayse1
- Comparator
- pearl millet and oryzicolae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Echinochloa turneriana (Domin) J. M. Black (Channel millet)”
e1“Under long days, control and droughted Channel millet plants flowered before controls of pearl millet and oryzicola”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought delayed flowering in the three grasses in the greenhouse under long days.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa turneriana, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Pennisetum americanum
Cenchrus americanus
Echinochloa crus-galliEchinochloa turnerianat0 - Treatment
- droughted conditionse2
- Outcome
- floweringe3
- Direction
- delayede3
- Comparator
- well-watered (control)e2
- Setting
- greenhousee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Echinochloa turneriana, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Pennisetum americanum”
e2“Plants of each species were grown under well-watered (control) and droughted conditions under long days in a greenhouse”
e3“Under long days and droughted conditions in the greenhouse flowering was delayed”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased plant height, shoot dry weight and panicle number in the three grasses.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa turneriana, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Pennisetum americanumCenchrus americanusEchinochloa crus-galliEchinochloa turnerianat0
- Treatment
- droughted conditionse2
- Outcome
- plant height, shoot dry weight, panicle numbere4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Comparator
- well-watered (control)e2
- Setting
- greenhousee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Echinochloa turneriana, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Pennisetum americanum”
e2“Plants of each species were grown under well-watered (control) and droughted conditions under long days in a greenhouse”
e4“plant height, shoot dry weight, panicle number and tiller number were decreased in each species”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased tiller number in the three grasses.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa turneriana, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Pennisetum americanumCenchrus americanusEchinochloa crus-galliEchinochloa turnerianat0
- Treatment
- droughted conditionse2
- Outcome
- tiller numbere4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Comparator
- well-watered (control)e2
- Setting
- greenhousee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Echinochloa turneriana, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Pennisetum americanum”
e2“Plants of each species were grown under well-watered (control) and droughted conditions under long days in a greenhouse”
e4“plant height, shoot dry weight, panicle number and tiller number were decreased in each species”
Claim · model-written summary
Active osmotic adjustment under drought was detected in pearl millet but not in the other two species.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse5
- Treatment
- droughte5
- Outcome
- osmotic adjustmente5
- Qualifier
- not observed in the other two speciese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Active osmotic adjustment under drought was detected in pearl millet by the pressure-volume and expressed sap methods, but was not observed in the other two species”
Claim · model-written summary
Channel millet shows no osmotic adjustment under severe water deficit.
- Taxon
- Channel milletEchinochloa turnerianae6
- Treatment
- severe water deficitse6
- Outcome
- osmotic adjustmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Once severe water deficits develop, no osmotic adjustment occurs in Channel millet, and turgor is significantly decreased despite a decrease in the bulk modulus of elasticity”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly decreased the bulk modulus of elasticity in Channel millet.
- Taxon
- Channel milletEchinochloa turnerianae6
- Treatment
- droughte6
- Outcome
- bulk modulus of elasticitye6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The bulk modulus of elasticity decreased (cell wall elasticity increased) significantly under drought in Channel millet, but not in pearl millet or oryzicola”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought did not change the bulk modulus of elasticity in pearl millet or oryzicola.
- Taxon
- pearl millet or oryzicolaCenchrus americanusOryzicolae6
- Treatment
- droughte6
- Outcome
- bulk modulus of elasticitye6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The bulk modulus of elasticity decreased (cell wall elasticity increased) significantly under drought in Channel millet, but not in pearl millet or oryzicola”
Claim · model-written summary
The apoplastic water volume was about 20% for all three grasses and treatments.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa turneriana, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Pennisetum americanumCenchrus americanusEchinochloa crus-galliEchinochloa turnerianat0
- Outcome
- apoplastic water volumee7
- Value
- 20%e7
- Qualifier
- for all species and treatmentse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Echinochloa turneriana, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Pennisetum americanum”
e7“The apoplastic water volume was about 20% for all species and treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Rapid development lets Channel millet complete its life cycle before a severe water deficit.
- Taxon
- Channel milletEchinochloa turnerianae7
- Outcome
- complete its life cyclee7
- Qualifier
- before the onset of a severe water deficite7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“This study suggests that Channel millet's rapid development is important in helping the plant to complete its life cycle before the onset of a severe water deficit”
Claim · model-written summary
Turgor of Channel millet decreased significantly under severe water deficit.
- Taxon
- Channel milletEchinochloa turnerianae6
- Treatment
- severe water deficitse6
- Outcome
- turgore6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Once severe water deficits develop, no osmotic adjustment occurs in Channel millet, and turgor is significantly decreased despite a decrease in the bulk modulus of elasticity”
The same questions in other papers
drought · yield · Cenchrus americanus (pearl millet)Positive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
20 papers more in this group
See all 24 papers →drought · phenology · Cenchrus americanus (pearl millet)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.