Abstract
The field research was performed in the years 2004–2007, at the Mochełek Experimental Station (53°13' N, 17°51' E) near Bydgoszczon good rye complex. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of chemical control (without protection, herbicide, herbicide + fungicide), the mineral fertilisation (147 and 221 kg/ha NPK) and the sowing density (400 and 600 grains/m2) on the occurrence of diseases in winter wheat cv. Tonacja, grown in short-term monoculture. A tendency of an increase in the symptoms severity of tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) intensity and decrease of leaf blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola) occurrence was noted in the successive wheat growing years in a short-term monoculture. A significant effect of the studied factors was registered and disease severity was dependent on the pesticide treatments. The fewest disease symptoms were recorded after fungicide (flusilazole + carbendazim) and herbicide (iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium) application. The herbicide (iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium) application resulted in increase of disease occurrence, especially leaf blotch and glume blotch (Phaeosphaeria nodorum). Much more symptoms of leaf blotch and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) were observed at a higher sowing density. Fewer symptoms of diseases were observed at a lower NPK rate. Badania polowe przeprowadzono w latach 2004–2007, w Stacji Badawczej Mochełek (53°13' N, 17°51' E) koło Bydgoszczy, na glebie kompleksu żytniego dobrego. Ich celem było porównanie wpływu ochrony chemicznej (bez ochrony, herbicyd, herbicyd + fungicyd), dawki nawożenia mineralnego (147 i 221 kg NPK/ha) i gęstości siewu (400 i 600 ziaren/m2) na występowanie chorób w pszenicy ozimej odmiany Tonacja, uprawianej w krótkotrwałej monokulturze. Zanotowano tendencję do wzrostu nasilenia występowania objawów chorobowych brunatnej plamistości liści (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) i spadku nasilenia septoriozy paskowanej liści pszenicy (Mycosphaerella graminicola) w kolejnych latach uprawy pszenicy w krótkotrwałej monokulturze. Stwierdzono istotny wpływ badanych czynników na występowanie obserwowanych chorób. Ich nasilenie wyraźnie zależało od zastosowanych środków ochrony roślin. Najniższe nasilenie chorób obserwowano po zastosowaniu fungicydu (flusilazol + karbendazym) i herbicydu (jodosulfuron metylosodowy). Stosowanie samego herbicydu (jodosulfuron metylosodowy) sprzyjało występowaniu chorób, zwłaszcza septoriozy paskowanej liści pszenicy oraz septoriozy plew pszenicy (Phaeosphaeria nodorum). Znacznie więcej symptomów septoriozy paskowanej liści pszenicy oraz mączniaka prawdziwego zbóż i traw (Blumeria graminis) stwierdzono przy zwiększonej gęstości siewu pszenicy. Znacznie mniej objawów chorobowych odnotowano przy niższej dawce nawożenia NPK.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Tan spot severity on wheat tended to increase over successive growing years in a short-term monoculture
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- successive wheat growing years in a short-term monoculturee1
- Interactor
- Pyrenophora tritici-repentis
Pyrenophora tritici-repentise1pathogen - Outcome
- symptoms severity of tan spote1
- Direction
- increasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A tendency of an increase in the symptoms severity of tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) intensity and decrease of leaf blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola) occurrence was noted in the successive wheat growing years in a short-term monoculture”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf blotch occurrence on wheat tended to decrease over successive growing years in a short-term monoculture
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- successive wheat growing years in a short-term monoculturee1
- Interactor
- Mycosphaerella graminicola
Zymoseptoria triticie1pathogen - Outcome
- leaf blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola) occurrencee1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A tendency of an increase in the symptoms severity of tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) intensity and decrease of leaf blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola) occurrence was noted in the successive wheat growing years in a short-term monoculture”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease severity on winter wheat was significantly dependent on the pesticide treatments
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Tonacjae0
- Treatment
- pesticide treatmentse2
- Outcome
- disease severitye2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“A significant effect of the studied factors was registered and disease severity was dependent on the pesticide treatments”
e0“diseases in winter wheat cv. Tonacja”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide (flusilazole + carbendazim) application gave the fewest disease symptoms on winter wheat
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Tonacjae0
- Treatment
- fungicide (flusilazole + carbendazim)e1
- Outcome
- disease symptomse1
- Direction
- feweste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The fewest disease symptoms were recorded after fungicide (flusilazole + carbendazim) and herbicide (iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium) application”
e0“diseases in winter wheat cv. Tonacja”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide (iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium) application gave the fewest disease symptoms on winter wheat
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Tonacjae0
- Treatment
- herbicide (iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium) applicatione1
- Outcome
- disease symptomse1
- Direction
- feweste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The fewest disease symptoms were recorded after fungicide (flusilazole + carbendazim) and herbicide (iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium) application”
e0“diseases in winter wheat cv. Tonacja”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide (iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium) application increased disease occurrence on winter wheat, especially leaf blotch and glume blotch
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Tonacjae0
- Treatment
- herbicide (iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium) applicatione1
- Interactor
- Phaeosphaeria nodorum
Parastagonospora nodorume1pathogen - Outcome
- disease occurrencee1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The herbicide (iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium) application resulted in increase of disease occurrence, especially leaf blotch and glume blotch (Phaeosphaeria nodorum)”
e0“diseases in winter wheat cv. Tonacja”
Claim · model-written summary
A higher sowing density increased symptoms of leaf blotch and powdery mildew on winter wheat
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Tonacjae0
- Treatment
- higher sowing densitye1
- Interactor
- Blumeria graminis
Blumeria graminise1pathogen - Outcome
- symptoms of leaf blotch and powdery mildewe1
- Direction
- Much moree1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Much more symptoms of leaf blotch and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) were observed at a higher sowing density”
e0“diseases in winter wheat cv. Tonacja”
Claim · model-written summary
A lower NPK fertilisation rate gave fewer disease symptoms on winter wheat
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Tonacjae0
- Treatment
- lower NPK ratee1
- Outcome
- symptoms of diseasese1
- Direction
- Fewere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fewer symptoms of diseases were observed at a lower NPK rate”
e0“diseases in winter wheat cv. Tonacja”
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Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium · Parastagonospora nodorum · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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See all 107 papers →fungicide · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
134 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 157 papers →herbicide · Parastagonospora nodorum · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.