Abstract
To circumvent drought conditions persisting during seed fill in the mid-south U.S. soybean production region, researchers have developed the early soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) production system (ESPS), which entails early planting of short-season varieties. Because soybean supplies a preponderance of the world's protein and oil and consumption of soy-based foods has been associated with multiple health benefits, the effects of this agronomic practice on seed quality traits such as protein, oil, and isoflavones should be investigated. Four cultivars of soybean, two from maturity group IV and two from maturity group V, were planted in April (ESPS) and May (traditional) in a two-year study at Stoneville, MS. Near-infrared analysis of soybean seed was utilized to determine the percentages of protein and oil. Dependent upon variety, the oil content of the early-planted crop was increased by 3-8%, whereas protein was not significantly changed. Visualization of protein extracts fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis and fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis revealed that early planting did not affect the relative accumulation of the major seed-storage proteins; thus, protein composition was equal to that of traditionally cultivated soybeans. Maturity group IV cultivars contained a higher percentage of oil and a lower percentage of protein than did the maturity group V cultivars, regardless of planting date. Gas chromatographic separation of fatty acids revealed that the percentages of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were not significantly altered by planting date. Methanol extracts of seed harvested from different planting dates when analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography showed striking differences in isoflavone content. Dependent upon the variety, total isoflavone content was increased as much as 1.3-fold in early-planted soybeans. Irrigation enhanced the isoflavone content of both early- and late-planted soybeans as much as 2.5-fold. Accumulation of individual isoflavones, daidzein and genistein, was also elevated by irrigation. Because this cultural practice improves the quality traits of seeds, ESPS provides an opportunity for enhancing the quality of soybean.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Early planting increased seed oil content by 3-8%, depending on variety.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- early-plantede0
- Outcome
- oil contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3-8%e0
- Qualifier
- Dependent upon varietye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dependent upon variety, the oil content of the early-planted crop was increased by 3-8%, whereas protein was not significantly changed.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Early planting did not significantly change seed protein.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- early-plantede0
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Direction
- not significantly changede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dependent upon variety, the oil content of the early-planted crop was increased by 3-8%, whereas protein was not significantly changed.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Early planting did not affect relative accumulation of major seed-storage proteins.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- early plantinge0
- Outcome
- relative accumulation of the major seed-storage proteinse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early planting did not affect the relative accumulation of the major seed-storage proteins”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Maturity group IV had higher oil percentage than group V.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Maturity group IV cultivarse0
- Outcome
- percentage of oile0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- maturity group V cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maturity group IV cultivars contained a higher percentage of oil and a lower percentage of protein than did the maturity group V cultivars, regardless of planting date.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Maturity group IV had lower protein percentage than group V.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Maturity group IV cultivarse0
- Outcome
- percentage of proteine0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- maturity group V cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maturity group IV cultivars contained a higher percentage of oil and a lower percentage of protein than did the maturity group V cultivars, regardless of planting date.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting date did not significantly alter saturated or unsaturated fatty acid percentages.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- planting datee0
- Outcome
- percentages of saturated and unsaturated fatty acidse0
- Direction
- not significantly alterede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the percentages of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were not significantly altered by planting date.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Early planting increased total isoflavone content as much as 1.3-fold.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- early-plantede0
- Outcome
- total isoflavone contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.3-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total isoflavone content was increased as much as 1.3-fold in early-planted soybeans.”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation increased isoflavone content as much as 2.5-fold.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Irrigatione0
- Outcome
- isoflavone contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 2.5-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation enhanced the isoflavone content of both early- and late-planted soybeans as much as 2.5-fold.”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation elevated daidzein accumulation.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- daidzeine0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Accumulation of individual isoflavones, daidzein and genistein, was also elevated by irrigation.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation elevated genistein accumulation.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- genisteine0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Accumulation of individual isoflavones, daidzein and genistein, was also elevated by irrigation.”
t0“Soybean”
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See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.