Abstract
Selecting soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) planting date and maturity group are important agronomic decisions that are often affected by unfavorable weather. The objective of this study was to quantify how the selection of maturity groups and later than optimal planting dates effected soybean seed yield and crop development over time across Iowa, US. Field experiments were conducted at seven locations between 2014 and 2016 for a total of 21 environments. Cultivar maturities varied by location (ranging from 2.2 to 2.5 MG) and planting dates were scheduled for 20-day intervals from early May to early July. Studied planting date and maturity group combinations that resulted in grain yields ranging from 0.27 to 7.54 Mg ha-1. Analyses showed that the main effect of maturity group had little (3.28 to 4.30 Mg ha -1) to no effect on grain yield at 4 of 7 sites while the main effect of planting date was significant (p < 0.001) at all sites. The interaction of planting date and cultivar maturity was not significance. With delayed planting dates, the length of the non-grain filling (VE-R3) and grain filling (R3-R7) period were shortened by up to 15-20 days, resulting in less radiation, smaller growing degree day accumulation, and lower yields. Across northern Iowa, there was a critical radiation accumulation of 946 MJ whereas the critical radiation accumulation (1074 MJ) was much higher across southern Iowa. These results show that yield potential would be maximized by planting before May 20 using a cultivar maturity group that is well-adapted to specific location or geography. To maximize yield, planting soybean earlier in the growing season was a better management practice than maturity selection, and the duration of the grain filling period was critical in determining potential yield each growing season.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Maturity group had little to no effect on grain yield at 4 of 7 sites.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- maturity groupe1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- no effecte1
- Value
- 3.28 to 4.30 Mg ha -1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“the main effect of maturity group had little (3.28 to 4.30 Mg ha -1) to no effect on grain yield at 4 of 7 sites”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting date had a significant main effect on grain yield at all sites.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- planting datee1
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Value
- p < 0.001e1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“the main effect of planting date was significant (p < 0.001) at all sites”
e2“had little (3.28 to 4.30 Mg ha -1) to no effect on grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction of planting date and cultivar maturity was not significant.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- planting date and cultivar maturitye1
- Outcome
- interaction of planting date and cultivar maturitye1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“The interaction of planting date and cultivar maturity was not significance”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting date and maturity group combinations gave grain yields from 0.27 to 7.54 Mg ha-1.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- planting date and maturity group combinationse1
- Outcome
- grain yieldse1
- Value
- 0.27 to 7.54 Mg ha-1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“Studied planting date and maturity group combinations that resulted in grain yields ranging from 0.27 to 7.54 Mg ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed planting shortened the non-grain filling and grain filling periods by up to 15-20 days.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- delayed planting datese1
- Outcome
- length of the non-grain filling (VE-R3) and grain filling (R3-R7) periode1
- Direction
- shortenede1
- Value
- up to 15-20 dayse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“With delayed planting dates, the length of the non-grain filling (VE-R3) and grain filling (R3-R7) period were shortened by up to 15-20 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed planting resulted in less radiation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- delayed planting datese1
- Outcome
- radiatione2
- Direction
- lesse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“With delayed planting dates”
e2“resulting in less radiation, smaller growing degree day accumulation, and lower yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed planting resulted in smaller growing degree day accumulation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- delayed planting datese1
- Outcome
- growing degree day accumulatione2
- Direction
- smallere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“With delayed planting dates”
e2“resulting in less radiation, smaller growing degree day accumulation, and lower yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed planting resulted in lower yields.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- delayed planting datese1
- Outcome
- yieldse2
- Direction
- lowere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“With delayed planting dates”
e2“resulting in less radiation, smaller growing degree day accumulation, and lower yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Northern Iowa had a critical radiation accumulation of 946 MJ.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- critical radiation accumulatione1
- Value
- 946 MJe1
- Setting
- northern Iowae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“Across northern Iowa, there was a critical radiation accumulation of 946 MJ”
Claim · model-written summary
Southern Iowa had a higher critical radiation accumulation of 1074 MJ.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- critical radiation accumulatione1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 1074 MJe1
- Setting
- southern Iowae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“the critical radiation accumulation (1074 MJ) was much higher across southern Iowa”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield potential would be maximized by planting before May 20 with an adapted maturity group.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- planting before May 20e1
- Outcome
- yield potential would be maximizede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“yield potential would be maximized by planting before May 20”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting soybean earlier was a better management practice than maturity selection for maximizing yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- planting soybean earlier in the growing seasone1
- Outcome
- maximize yielde1
- Comparator
- maturity selectione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“To maximize yield, planting soybean earlier in the growing season was a better management practice than maturity selection”
Claim · model-written summary
The duration of the grain filling period was critical in determining potential yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- grain filling periode1
- Outcome
- potential yielde1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“the duration of the grain filling period was critical in determining potential yield each growing season”
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