Abstract
Projected increases in atmospheric CO 2 concentration will affect growth and productivity of many plant species under various environmental conditions. Since these increases in CO 2 may also increase mean annual temperatures, it is important to determine how the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) will respond to changes in temperature regimes associated with atmospheric CO 2 enrichment. Morphology and growth responses of the Ransom cultivar, which is adapted to a southern U.S.A. climate, to day/night temperature regimes of 18/12, 22/16, and 26/20 °C and atmospheric CO 2 concentrations of 350, 675 and 1000 μL L −1 were studied in controlled environment chambers. Plant responses were determined at 20, 40, 67 and 115 (late senescence to maturity) days after planting. Plant height and number of branches increased slightly with CO 2 enrichment and more significantly with increasing temperature. Root to shoot ratio remained unchanged at different CO 2 concentrations but decreased as temperature increased. Leaf weight ratio and specific leaf weight decreased with increasing temperature. Low temperature reduced dry weight of all plant parts, but the reduction was ameliorated by increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration. The results show that increasing the atmospheric CO 2 level causes soybean to grow more vigorously at low temperatures. Although controlled environment experiments have their drawbacks in regard to natural field conditions, the present data indicate that soybean will have enhanced growth even at moderately cool temperatures in the future global CO 2 concentrations.Key words: Soybean growth, low temperature, CO 2 × temperature interaction, environmental control
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 enrichment slightly increased plant height and branch number.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- CO 2 enrichmente0
- Outcome
- Plant height and number of branchese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height and number of branches increased slightly with CO 2 enrichment”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing temperature more strongly increased height and branch number.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- increasing temperaturee0
- Outcome
- Plant height and number of branchese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height and number of branches increased slightly with CO 2 enrichment and more significantly with increasing temperature”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Root-to-shoot ratio remained unchanged across CO2 concentrations.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- different CO 2 concentrationse0
- Outcome
- Root to shoot ratioe0
- Direction
- remained unchangede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root to shoot ratio remained unchanged at different CO 2 concentrations”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Root-to-shoot ratio decreased with increasing temperature.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- temperature increasede0
- Outcome
- Root to shoot ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root to shoot ratio remained unchanged at different CO 2 concentrations but decreased as temperature increased”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf weight ratio and specific leaf weight decreased as temperature increased.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- increasing temperaturee0
- Outcome
- Leaf weight ratio and specific leaf weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf weight ratio and specific leaf weight decreased with increasing temperature”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature reduced dry weight of all plant parts.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Low temperaturee0
- Outcome
- dry weight of all plant partse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature reduced dry weight of all plant parts”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher CO2 ameliorated the low-temperature reduction in dry weight.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentratione0
- Outcome
- reductione0
- Direction
- amelioratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reduction was ameliorated by increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher CO2 caused more vigorous soybean growth at low temperatures.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- increasing the atmospheric CO 2 levele0
- Outcome
- soybean to growe0
- Direction
- more vigorouslye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing the atmospheric CO 2 level causes soybean to grow more vigorously at low temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer enhanced soybean growth at moderately cool temperatures under future CO2 concentrations.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- moderately cool temperatures in the future global CO 2 concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean will have enhanced growth even at moderately cool temperatures in the future global CO 2 concentrations”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.