Abstract
Effects of environment, Botrytis cinerea strain, and their interaction on the infection of mature grape berries were investigated. The combined effect of temperature (T) of 15, 20, 25, and 30°C and relative humidity (RH) of 65, 80, 90, and 100% was studied by inoculating berries with mycelium plugs. Regardless of the T, no disease occurred at 65% RH, and both disease incidence and severity increased with increasing RH. The combined effect of T (5 to 30°C) and wetness duration (WD) of 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 h was studied by inoculating berries with conidia. At WD of 36 h, disease incidence was approximately 75% of affected berries at 20 or 25°C, 50% at 15°C, and 30 to 20% at 30 and 10°C; no infection occurred at 5°C. Under favorable conditions (100% RH or 36 h of WD) and unfavorable conditions (65% RH or 3 h of WD), berry wounding did not significantly affect disease incidence; under moderately favorable conditions (80% RH or 6 to 12 h of WD), disease incidence was approximately 1.5 to 5 times higher in wounded than in intact berries. Our data collectively showed that (i) T and RH or WD were more important than strain for mature berry infection by either mycelium or conidia and (ii) the effect of the environment on the different strains was similar. Two equations were developed describing the combined effect of T and RH, or T and WD, on disease incidence following inoculation by mycelium (R2=0.99) or conidia (R2=0.96), respectively. These equations may be useful in the development of models used to predict and control Botrytis bunch rot during berry ripening.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
At 65% relative humidity no disease occurred regardless of temperature.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereat0pathogen - Outcome
- no disease occurrede0
- Qualifier
- 65% RHe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regardless of the T, no disease occurred at 65% RH”
t0“Botrytis cinerea Infection of Mature Grape Berries”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease incidence and severity increased with relative humidity.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereat0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidence and severitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- RHe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both disease incidence and severity increased with increasing RH”
t0“Botrytis cinerea Infection of Mature Grape Berries”
Claim · model-written summary
At 36 h wetness, incidence was approximately 75% at 20 or 25°C.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereat0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Value
- 75%e0
- Qualifier
- WD of 36 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At WD of 36 h, disease incidence was approximately 75% of affected berries at 20 or 25°C”
t0“Botrytis cinerea Infection of Mature Grape Berries”
Claim · model-written summary
At 36 h wetness, incidence was 50% at 15°C.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereat0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Qualifier
- 15°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At WD of 36 h, disease incidence was approximately 75% of affected berries at 20 or 25°C, 50% at 15°C, and 30 to 20% at 30 and 10°C; no infection occurred at 5°C.”
t0“Botrytis cinerea Infection of Mature Grape Berries”
Claim · model-written summary
At 36 h wetness, incidence was 30 to 20% at 30 and 10°C.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereat0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Value
- 30 to 20%e0
- Qualifier
- 30 and 10°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At WD of 36 h, disease incidence was approximately 75% of affected berries at 20 or 25°C, 50% at 15°C, and 30 to 20% at 30 and 10°C; no infection occurred at 5°C.”
t0“Botrytis cinerea Infection of Mature Grape Berries”
Claim · model-written summary
At 36 h wetness, no infection occurred at 5°C.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereat0pathogen
- Outcome
- no infection occurrede0
- Qualifier
- 5°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no infection occurred at 5°C”
t0“Botrytis cinerea Infection of Mature Grape Berries”
Claim · model-written summary
Berry wounding did not significantly affect disease incidence under favorable or unfavorable conditions.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Treatment
- berry woundinge0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereat0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
- Qualifier
- 100% RH or 36 h of WDe2
- Comparator
- intact berriese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“berry wounding did not significantly affect disease incidence”
e1“intact berries”
e2“100% RH or 36 h of WD”
t0“Botrytis cinerea Infection of Mature Grape Berries”
Claim · model-written summary
Under moderately favorable conditions, incidence was 1.5 to 5 times higher in wounded than intact berries.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Treatment
- woundede0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereat0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.5 to 5 timese0
- Qualifier
- 80% RH or 6 to 12 h of WDe1
- Comparator
- intact berriese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“disease incidence was approximately 1.5 to 5 times higher in wounded than in intact berries”
e1“80% RH or 6 to 12 h of WD”
t0“Botrytis cinerea Infection of Mature Grape Berries”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature and humidity or wetness duration mattered more than strain for mature berry infection.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereat0pathogen
- Outcome
- mature berry infectione0
- Direction
- more importante0
- Comparator
- straine0
- Setting
- T and RH or WDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T and RH or WD were more important than strain for mature berry infection by either mycelium or conidia”
t0“Botrytis cinerea Infection of Mature Grape Berries”
Claim · model-written summary
Environmental effects were similar across strains.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereat0pathogen
- Outcome
- effect of the environment on the different strainse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Setting
- environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of the environment on the different strains was similar”
t0“Botrytis cinerea Infection of Mature Grape Berries”
Claim · model-written summary
The temperature and humidity equation described disease incidence after mycelium inoculation with R2=0.99.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereat0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Value
- R2=0.99e0
- Qualifier
- T and RHe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two equations were developed describing the combined effect of T and RH, or T and WD, on disease incidence following inoculation by mycelium (R2=0.99) or conidia (R2=0.96), respectively”
t0“Botrytis cinerea Infection of Mature Grape Berries”
Claim · model-written summary
The temperature and wetness duration equation described disease incidence after conidia inoculation with R2=0.96.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereat0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Value
- R2=0.96e0
- Qualifier
- T and WDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two equations were developed describing the combined effect of T and RH, or T and WD, on disease incidence following inoculation by mycelium (R2=0.99) or conidia (R2=0.96), respectively”
t0“Botrytis cinerea Infection of Mature Grape Berries”
The same questions in other papers
mechanical · Botrytis cinerea · VitisPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.