Abstract
Acute toxicities of three naturally occurring monoterpenoid essential oil constituents and the essential oil of rosemary were tested against late instars of Agriotes obscurus (L.) (Coleoptera: Elateridae). Both contact and volatile toxicities of thymol, citronellal, eugenol, and rosemary oil were determined. Also, phytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated on corn germination and seedling development. Thymol had the greatest contact toxicity (LD50 = 196.0 microg/larva), whereas citronellal and eugenol were less toxic (LD50 = 404.9 and 516.5 microg/larva, respectively). Rosemary oil did not show any significant contact toxicity, even at 1,600 microg/larva. In terms of volatile toxicity, citronellal was the most toxic to wireworm larvae (LC50 = 6.3 microg/cm3) followed by rosemary oil (LC50 = 15.9 microg/cm3), thymol (LC50 = 17.1 microg/cm3), and eugenol (LC50 = 20.9 microg/cm3). Thymol, eugenol, and citronellal significantly inhibited corn seed germination and development, whereas rosemary oil had only minimal phytotoxic effects.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Thymol showed the greatest contact toxicity to Agriotes larvae.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Thymol had the greatest contact toxicity (LD50 = 196.0 microg/larva)”
Claim · model-written summary
Citronellal showed lower contact toxicity.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“citronellal and eugenol were less toxic (LD50 = 404.9 and 516.5 microg/larva, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Eugenol showed lower contact toxicity.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“citronellal and eugenol were less toxic (LD50 = 404.9 and 516.5 microg/larva, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rosemary oil showed no significant contact toxicity at the tested dose.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Rosemary oil did not show any significant contact toxicity, even at 1,600 microg/larva.”
Claim · model-written summary
Citronellal had the highest volatile toxicity to wireworm larvae.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“citronellal was the most toxic to wireworm larvae (LC50 = 6.3 microg/cm3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rosemary oil had volatile toxicity LC50 of 15.9 microg/cm3.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“rosemary oil (LC50 = 15.9 microg/cm3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Thymol had volatile toxicity LC50 of 17.1 microg/cm3.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“thymol (LC50 = 17.1 microg/cm3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Eugenol had volatile toxicity LC50 of 20.9 microg/cm3.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“eugenol (LC50 = 20.9 microg/cm3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Thymol significantly inhibited corn germination and development.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- Thymole0
- Outcome
- seed germination and developmente0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thymol, eugenol, and citronellal significantly inhibited corn seed germination and development”
Claim · model-written summary
Eugenol significantly inhibited corn germination and development.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- eugenole0
- Outcome
- seed germination and developmente0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thymol, eugenol, and citronellal significantly inhibited corn seed germination and development”
Claim · model-written summary
Citronellal significantly inhibited corn germination and development.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- citronellale0
- Outcome
- seed germination and developmente0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thymol, eugenol, and citronellal significantly inhibited corn seed germination and development”
Claim · model-written summary
Rosemary oil had minimal phytotoxic effects on corn.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“rosemary oil had only minimal phytotoxic effects”
The same questions in other papers
eugenol · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →thymol · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
citronellal · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.