Abstract
Sulfur (S) and zinc (Zn) deficiencies are frequently reported in Bangladesh rice paddy. However, its effects on rice productivity and soil fertility need to be reevaluated as sulfur oxides (SOx) and heavy metals are increasingly emitted to the environment in the recent years. To examine the long-term effects of S and Zn fertilization on rice yield and nutrient efficiency, the standard fertilization plot of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, and zinc (NPKSZn) was installed in a typical double rice cropping paddy at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) farm in 1985. The recommended treatment (NPKSZn) and the comparison treatments (NPKZn and NPKS) were selected for calculating S and Zn efficiencies. The same levels of chemical fertilizers in NPKSZn treatment were applied with the rates of N-P-K-S-Zn as 80–25–35–20–5 kg ha−1 and 120–25–35–20–5 kg ha−1 in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. The changes in rice productivity, as well as S and Zn fertilization efficiencies, were monitored for 23 years. Sulfur fertilization significantly increased the mean grain and straw yields by around 13% in the wet season and only 4–5% in the dry season. The mean S fertilization efficiencies were 9.3% and 5.3% in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Sulfur fertilization efficiency was relatively high until 1997 (the 13th year after the installation). Thereafter, however, S fertilization did not increase rice productivity or efficiency, regardless of the season. Also, Zn fertilization did not result in a significant increase in rice productivity, and its fertilization efficiency was similar level with a mean of 1.2%, irrespective of the season. This study revealed that S and Zn fertilization may no longer be required to increase rice productivity in Bangladesh paddy soil due to fast industrialization and urbanization.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur fertilization raised wet-season mean grain and straw yields around 13%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Sulfur fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- mean grain and straw yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- around 13%e0
- Qualifier
- wet seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulfur fertilization significantly increased the mean grain and straw yields by around 13% in the wet season and only 4–5% in the dry season.”
t0“Long-Term Effects of Sulfur and Zinc Fertilization on Rice Productivity and Nutrient Efficiency in Double Rice Cropping Paddy in Bangladesh”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur fertilization raised dry-season mean grain and straw yields 4–5%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Sulfur fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- mean grain and straw yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4–5%e0
- Qualifier
- dry seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulfur fertilization significantly increased the mean grain and straw yields by around 13% in the wet season and only 4–5% in the dry season.”
t0“Long-Term Effects of Sulfur and Zinc Fertilization on Rice Productivity and Nutrient Efficiency in Double Rice Cropping Paddy in Bangladesh”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean sulfur fertilization efficiency was 9.3% in the wet season.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- S fertilization efficienciese0
- Value
- 9.3%e0
- Qualifier
- wete0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mean S fertilization efficiencies were 9.3% and 5.3% in the wet and dry seasons, respectively.”
t0“Long-Term Effects of Sulfur and Zinc Fertilization on Rice Productivity and Nutrient Efficiency in Double Rice Cropping Paddy in Bangladesh”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean sulfur fertilization efficiency was 5.3% in the dry season.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- S fertilization efficienciese0
- Value
- 5.3%e0
- Qualifier
- dry seasonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mean S fertilization efficiencies were 9.3% and 5.3% in the wet and dry seasons, respectively.”
t0“Long-Term Effects of Sulfur and Zinc Fertilization on Rice Productivity and Nutrient Efficiency in Double Rice Cropping Paddy in Bangladesh”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur efficiency remained relatively high until 1997.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Sulfur fertilization efficiencye0
- Direction
- relatively highe0
- Qualifier
- until 1997e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulfur fertilization efficiency was relatively high until 1997 (the 13th year after the installation).”
t0“Long-Term Effects of Sulfur and Zinc Fertilization on Rice Productivity and Nutrient Efficiency in Double Rice Cropping Paddy in Bangladesh”
Claim · model-written summary
After 1997 sulfur fertilization did not increase rice productivity or efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- S fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- rice productivity or efficiencye0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thereafter, however, S fertilization did not increase rice productivity or efficiency, regardless of the season.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fertilization did not significantly increase rice productivity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- rice productivitye0
- Direction
- did not result in a significant increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn fertilization did not result in a significant increase in rice productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean zinc fertilization efficiency was 1.2% irrespective of season.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- fertilization efficiencye0
- Value
- 1.2%e0
- Qualifier
- irrespective of the seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its fertilization efficiency was similar level with a mean of 1.2%, irrespective of the season.”
t0“Long-Term Effects of Sulfur and Zinc Fertilization on Rice Productivity and Nutrient Efficiency in Double Rice Cropping Paddy in Bangladesh”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors conclude sulfur and zinc fertilization may no longer be needed to raise rice productivity in Bangladesh paddy soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- S and Zn fertilization may no longer be requirede0
- Setting
- Bangladesh paddy soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S and Zn fertilization may no longer be required to increase rice productivity in Bangladesh paddy soil”
The same questions in other papers
sulfur atom · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
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- positive
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3,182 papers in the same direction as this paper · 207 in the opposite direction · 65 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
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See all 3,455 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.