Abstract
A field experiment involving different P fertilizer rates (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 kg P ha-1) was conducted to determine effect of P on maize (Zea mays L.) growth, yield, N and P uptakes and P use efficiency on Fluvisols at Birki village, northern Ethiopia using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experiment was conducted under rain-fed condition between 10 July and 12 November 2011. Application of 30 kg P ha -1 significantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased maize grain yield, total above ground N and P uptakes, grain N and P uptakes and P harvest index. At this P level, grain yield increased by 1074 kg ha -1 (54.8%) over the control plot. Soil P at harvest has also significantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased as applied P increased from 0 to 60 kg P ha-1. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) increments were also observed on plant height, maize ear length and total above ground dry matter weight at 40 kg P ha -1 and on shoot P uptake at 30 kg P ha -1 over the control. However, no significant (P > 0.05) differences were observed on shoot dry matter weight, number of grains per ear, harvest index and shoot N uptake. Phosphorus use efficiencies of maize were also observed to decrease with increasing levels of applied P. At the optimum application rate of 30 kg P ha -1 , observed P agronomic and P utilization efficiencies of maize were 28.7 and 32.1 kg kg-1, respectively. Generally, the results of the study indicated that application of P fertilizer significantly increased the grain yield of maize mainly through its positive effects on the crop‘s growth parameters, yield components and total plant N and P uptakes. The analysis of marginal rate of return has further confirmed that application of 30 kg P ha-1 gave the highest net return of 3717.4 Birr ($203) ha-1which implies that it can be recommended for the production of economically optimal maize yield on Fluvisols under the environment prevailing in the study areas.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 30 kg P ha-1 significantly increased maize grain yield by 1074 kg ha-1 (54.8%) over the control plot.
- Treatment
- 30 kg P ha -1e1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 1074 kg ha -1 (54.8%)e2
- Comparator
- control plote2
- Setting
- Birki village, northern Ethiopiae0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e0“A field experiment involving different P fertilizer rates (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 kg P ha-1) was conducted to determine effect of P on maize (Zea mays L.) growth, yield, N and P uptakes and P use efficiency on Fluvisols at Birki village, northern Ethiopia”
e1“Application of 30 kg P ha -1 significantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased maize grain yield, total above ground N and P uptakes, grain N and P uptakes and P harvest index”
e2“At this P level, grain yield increased by 1074 kg ha -1 (54.8%) over the control plot”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 30 kg P ha-1 significantly increased total above ground N and P uptakes.
- Treatment
- 30 kg P ha -1e1
- Outcome
- total above ground N and P uptakese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- Birki village, northern Ethiopiae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e0“A field experiment involving different P fertilizer rates (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 kg P ha-1) was conducted to determine effect of P on maize (Zea mays L.) growth, yield, N and P uptakes and P use efficiency on Fluvisols at Birki village, northern Ethiopia”
e1“Application of 30 kg P ha -1 significantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased maize grain yield, total above ground N and P uptakes, grain N and P uptakes and P harvest index”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 30 kg P ha-1 significantly increased grain N and P uptakes.
- Treatment
- 30 kg P ha -1e1
- Outcome
- grain N and P uptakese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- Birki village, northern Ethiopiae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e0“A field experiment involving different P fertilizer rates (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 kg P ha-1) was conducted to determine effect of P on maize (Zea mays L.) growth, yield, N and P uptakes and P use efficiency on Fluvisols at Birki village, northern Ethiopia”
e1“Application of 30 kg P ha -1 significantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased maize grain yield, total above ground N and P uptakes, grain N and P uptakes and P harvest index”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 30 kg P ha-1 significantly increased the P harvest index.
- Treatment
- 30 kg P ha -1e1
- Outcome
- P harvest indexe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- Birki village, northern Ethiopiae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e0“A field experiment involving different P fertilizer rates (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 kg P ha-1) was conducted to determine effect of P on maize (Zea mays L.) growth, yield, N and P uptakes and P use efficiency on Fluvisols at Birki village, northern Ethiopia”
e1“Application of 30 kg P ha -1 significantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased maize grain yield, total above ground N and P uptakes, grain N and P uptakes and P harvest index”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil P at harvest significantly increased as the applied P rose from 0 to 60 kg P ha-1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e3“Soil P at harvest has also significantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased as applied P increased from 0 to 60 kg P ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height, maize ear length and total above ground dry matter weight significantly increased at 40 kg P ha-1 over the control.
- Treatment
- 40 kg P ha -1e4
- Outcome
- plant height, maize ear length and total above ground dry matter weighte4
- Direction
- incrementse4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e4“Significant (P ≤ 0.05) increments were also observed on plant height, maize ear length and total above ground dry matter weight at 40 kg P ha -1 and on shoot P uptake at 30 kg P ha -1 over the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot P uptake significantly increased at 30 kg P ha-1 over the control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e4“Significant (P ≤ 0.05) increments were also observed on plant height, maize ear length and total above ground dry matter weight at 40 kg P ha -1 and on shoot P uptake at 30 kg P ha -1 over the control”
Claim · model-written summary
No significant difference in shoot dry matter weight or number of grains per ear across P fertilizer rates.
- Treatment
- P fertilizer ratese0
- Outcome
- shoot dry matter weight, number of grains per eare5
- Direction
- no significant (P > 0.05) differencese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e0“A field experiment involving different P fertilizer rates (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 kg P ha-1) was conducted to determine effect of P on maize (Zea mays L.) growth, yield, N and P uptakes and P use efficiency on Fluvisols at Birki village, northern Ethiopia”
e5“However, no significant (P > 0.05) differences were observed on shoot dry matter weight, number of grains per ear, harvest index and shoot N uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
No significant difference in harvest index or shoot N uptake across P fertilizer rates.
- Treatment
- P fertilizer ratese0
- Outcome
- harvest index and shoot N uptakee5
- Direction
- no significant (P > 0.05) differencese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e0“A field experiment involving different P fertilizer rates (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 kg P ha-1) was conducted to determine effect of P on maize (Zea mays L.) growth, yield, N and P uptakes and P use efficiency on Fluvisols at Birki village, northern Ethiopia”
e5“However, no significant (P > 0.05) differences were observed on shoot dry matter weight, number of grains per ear, harvest index and shoot N uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus use efficiency of maize decreased with increasing levels of applied P.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e6“Phosphorus use efficiencies of maize were also observed to decrease with increasing levels of applied P”
Claim · model-written summary
At 30 kg P ha-1 the P agronomic efficiency of maize was 28.7 kg kg-1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e7“At the optimum application rate of 30 kg P ha -1 , observed P agronomic and P utilization efficiencies of maize were 28.7 and 32.1 kg kg-1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At 30 kg P ha-1 the P utilization efficiency of maize was 32.1 kg kg-1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e7“At the optimum application rate of 30 kg P ha -1 , observed P agronomic and P utilization efficiencies of maize were 28.7 and 32.1 kg kg-1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 30 kg P ha-1 gave the highest net return, 3717.4 Birr ($203) ha-1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“application of 30 kg P ha-1 gave the highest net return of 3717.4 Birr ($203) ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 30 kg P ha-1 for economically optimal maize yield on Fluvisols.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“it can be recommended for the production of economically optimal maize yield on Fluvisols”
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