Abstract
Some sweet corn ( Zea mays L.) hybrids and inbreds can be severely injured or killed after postemergence applications of certain P450-metabolized herbicides. Consequently, existing hybrids are regularly evaluated for tolerance to new herbicides, and new hybrids are evaluated for tolerance to existing herbicides. In 2005 and 2006, the University of Wisconsin Cooperative Extension Service coordinated 12 trials in six states in which a total of 149 sweet corn hybrids were evaluated for tolerance to three cytochrome P450-metabolized herbicides: nicosulfuron, foramsulfuron, and mesotrione. Hybrid responses differed substantially within and among locations. The objective of this study was to determine if alleles affecting herbicide sensitivity (e.g., cytochrome P450 alleles) were associated with differences in levels of injury to sweet corn hybrids in these trials. Based on responses of F 2 progeny to nicosulfuron, foramsulfuron, and mesotrione, 95 hybrids were classified as homozygous for alleles conditioning herbicide tolerance; 47 hybrids were classified as heterozygous with one allele each conditioning tolerance and sensitivity; and two hybrids were classified as homozygous for alleles conditioning sensitivity. When trial mean levels of injury after applications of mesotrione, nicosulfuron, and foramsulfuron in the herbicide trials were above 1%, 4%, and 5%, respectively, the response of the three genotypic classes of hybrids followed a consistent pattern. Homozygous-sensitive hybrids were injured most severely and often were killed by the two acetolactate synththase-inhibiting herbicides, nicosulfuron and foramsulfuron. Heterozygous hybrids had an intermediate response to all three herbicides that was more similar to homozygous-tolerant hybrids than homozygous-sensitive hybrids; however, injury to heterozygous hybrids was 1.5 to 2.3 times greater and significantly ( P < 0.05) different from homozygous-tolerant hybrids based on t tests of group means and comparisons of predicted values from regressions of genotypic means on trial means. Based on responses of the 149 hybrids in this trial, the potential for and level of crop injury from use of nicosulfuron, mesotrione, and foramsulfuron on any specific sweet corn hybrid is conditioned largely by alleles at a single locus.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Hybrid herbicide responses varied within and among locations.
Verbatim
e0“Hybrid responses differed substantially within and among locations”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Ninety-five hybrids were homozygous tolerant.
Verbatim
e0“95 hybrids were classified as homozygous for alleles conditioning herbicide tolerance”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Forty-seven hybrids were heterozygous tolerant and sensitive.
Verbatim
e0“47 hybrids were classified as heterozygous with one allele each conditioning tolerance and sensitivity”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Two hybrids were homozygous sensitive.
Verbatim
e0“two hybrids were classified as homozygous for alleles conditioning sensitivity”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotypic response classes had a consistent injury pattern above the stated trial means.
- Taxon
- sweet cornt0
- Treatment
- mesotrione, nicosulfuron, and foramsulfurone0
- Outcome
- response of the three genotypic classes of hybridse0
- Qualifier
- above 1%, 4%, and 5%, respectivelye0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“When trial mean levels of injury after applications of mesotrione, nicosulfuron, and foramsulfuron in the herbicide trials were above 1%, 4%, and 5%, respectively, the response of the three genotypic classes of hybrids followed a consistent pattern”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Homozygous-sensitive hybrids were most severely injured and often killed by nicosulfuron.
- Taxon
- sweet cornt0
- Material
- Homozygous-sensitive hybridse0
- Treatment
- nicosulfurone0
- Outcome
- injured most severely and often were killede0
- Direction
- most severelye0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Homozygous-sensitive hybrids were injured most severely and often were killed by the two acetolactate synththase-inhibiting herbicides, nicosulfuron and foramsulfuron”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Homozygous-sensitive hybrids were most severely injured and often killed by foramsulfuron.
- Taxon
- sweet cornt0
- Material
- Homozygous-sensitive hybridse0
- Treatment
- foramsulfurone0
- Outcome
- injured most severely and often were killede0
- Direction
- most severelye0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Homozygous-sensitive hybrids were injured most severely and often were killed by the two acetolactate synththase-inhibiting herbicides, nicosulfuron and foramsulfuron”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Heterozygous hybrids had intermediate injury responses, nearer tolerant than sensitive hybrids.
- Taxon
- sweet cornt0
- Material
- Heterozygous hybridse0
- Outcome
- intermediate responsee0
- Comparator
- homozygous-tolerant hybridse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Heterozygous hybrids had an intermediate response to all three herbicides that was more similar to homozygous-tolerant hybrids than homozygous-sensitive hybrids”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Heterozygous injury was significantly 1.5 to 2.3 times that of homozygous-tolerant hybrids.
Verbatim
e0“injury to heterozygous hybrids was 1.5 to 2.3 times greater and significantly ( P < 0.05) different from homozygous-tolerant hybrids”
t0“Sweet Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
A single locus largely conditioned herbicide injury potential and level.
Verbatim
e0“the potential for and level of crop injury from use of nicosulfuron, mesotrione, and foramsulfuron on any specific sweet corn hybrid is conditioned largely by alleles at a single locus”
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