Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate nitrogen (N) efficiency from different organic and mineral fertilizers applied to the spring barley. Dry matter yield, N content and N uptake of spring barley from 16 years of experiments at two sites in the Czech Republic with different soil and climatic conditions were analyzed. For assessing of nitrogen efficiency nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE, kg/kg), recovery efficiency of applied N (%), agronomic efficiency of applied N (kg/kg) and summary N balances (ΣΔN, kg/ha) were observed. Six fertilization treatments were utilized: no fertilization (control); sewage sludge; farmyard manure (FYM); N in mineral fertilizers (N); NPK in mineral fertilizers (NPK) and N in mineral fertilizers + straw (N + ST). Yields were about 68% higher at NPK (S1 site) and 55% at N + ST (S2 site) in comparison with control. The highest NUtE was recorded at both locations after application of FYM. Higher NUtE from mineral fertilizers was obtained at low productive S1 site. At both sites a trend of decreasing ΣΔN over time was observed. At both sites a trend of decreasing negative N balance was observed. At lower productive site the decline of N balance was minimized for mineral fertilizers treatments in last experimental years. At higher productive site the differences between treatments with mineral nitrogen and control were lower and the decline of N balance continued over all 16 years of experiment duration.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
NPK increased spring barley yields about 68% at S1 relative to control.
- Taxon
- spring barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- NPKe0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 68%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- S1 sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Yields were about 68% higher at NPK (S1 site) and 55% at N + ST (S2 site) in comparison with control.”
t0“spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
N + ST increased spring barley yields 55% at S2 relative to control.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- N + STe0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 55%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- S2 sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring barley”
e0“Yields were about 68% higher at NPK (S1 site) and 55% at N + ST (S2 site) in comparison with control.”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM gave the highest nitrogen utilization efficiency at both locations.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- FYMe0
- Outcome
- NUtEe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Setting
- both locationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring barley”
e0“The highest NUtE was recorded at both locations after application of FYM.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilizers produced higher nitrogen utilization efficiency at the low productive S1 site.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- mineral fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- NUtEe0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Setting
- low productive S1 sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring barley”
e0“Higher NUtE from mineral fertilizers was obtained at low productive S1 site.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen balance declined over time at both sites.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- ΣΔNe0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Setting
- both sitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring barley”
e0“At both sites a trend of decreasing ΣΔN over time was observed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Negative nitrogen balance decreased over time at both sites.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- negative N balancee0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Setting
- both sitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring barley”
e0“At both sites a trend of decreasing negative N balance was observed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilizer treatments minimized the late decline in nitrogen balance at the lower productive site.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- mineral fertilizers treatmentse0
- Outcome
- decline of N balancee0
- Direction
- minimizede0
- Qualifier
- last experimental yearse0
- Setting
- lower productive sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring barley”
e0“At lower productive site the decline of N balance was minimized for mineral fertilizers treatments in last experimental years.”
Claim · model-written summary
At the higher productive site, mineral nitrogen treatments differed less from control and nitrogen balance continued declining.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- differences between treatments with mineral nitrogen and controle0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- higher productive sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring barley”
e0“At higher productive site the differences between treatments with mineral nitrogen and control were lower and the decline of N balance continued over all 16 years of experiment duration.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen balance continued declining throughout 16 years at the higher productive site.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- N balancee0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Qualifier
- all 16 years of experiment duratione0
- Setting
- higher productive sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“spring barley”
e0“At higher productive site the differences between treatments with mineral nitrogen and control were lower and the decline of N balance continued over all 16 years of experiment duration.”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
472 papers in the same direction as this paper · 66 in the opposite direction · 11 reporting no difference from an alternative
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- positive
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