Abstract
In Pakistan, mango orchards are traditionally irrigated through basin flooding method. Basins are made around a mango tree and flooded through a small channel. A huge quantity of water is lost in these basins as well as in these channels. To minimize water losses, modern micro-irrigation methods such as drip and sprinkler irrigation are introduced. They save precious water, produce quality fruits and higher yields. Several progressive farmers have installed drip irrigation systems in their orchards. This study describes, the water distribution pattern, irrigation frequency, required number of emitters and their orientation under drip irrigated mangoes. Each mango tree was irrigated by four drippers installed at a distance of about 50 to 80 cm from the trunk. They did not provide sufficient moisture around the canopy hence trees were under dry stress. To cover entire canopy, the system should be operated for additional hours. Also, the placement of the drippers was inappropriate which failed to irrigate the outer edges of the tree canopy. The lateral could be placed with circular orientation around the canopy to provide moisture and avoid dry stress. Several operational problems were observed that need to be locally resolved. The frequency and time of application should be set according to the daily consumptive use of the mango tree. The plant growth was almost similar under drip and basin irrigation methods. However, the signs of leaf wilting were observed under drip irrigated trees whereas lush green leaves were seen under basin irrigated trees. The fruit drop was higher under drip method; while the fruit quality and yield was better under basin irrigation method; this is attributed to dry stresses due to limited availability of water around the tree canopy.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Mango plant growth was almost similar under drip and basin irrigation.
- Taxon
- MANGO
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Mangifera indicat0 - Treatment
- dripe1
- Outcome
- plant growthe1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Comparator
- basin irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_from_India.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“The plant growth was almost similar under drip and basin irrigation methods”
t0“MANGO PRODUCTION AND FRUIT QUALITY UNDER PROPERLY MANAGED DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM”
Claim · model-written summary
Mango trees under drip irrigation showed more leaf wilting than trees under basin irrigation.
- Taxon
- MANGOMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- dripe2
- Outcome
- leaf wiltinge2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Comparator
- basine2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the signs of leaf wilting were observed under drip irrigated trees whereas lush green leaves were seen under basin irrigated trees”
t0“MANGO PRODUCTION AND FRUIT QUALITY UNDER PROPERLY MANAGED DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM”
Claim · model-written summary
Mango fruit drop was higher under drip irrigation than under basin irrigation.
- Taxon
- MANGOMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- drip methode3
- Outcome
- fruit drope3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- basin irrigation methode4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The fruit drop was higher under drip method”
e4“the fruit quality and yield was better under basin irrigation method; this is attributed to dry stresses due to limited availability of water around the tree canopy”
t0“MANGO PRODUCTION AND FRUIT QUALITY UNDER PROPERLY MANAGED DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM”
Claim · model-written summary
Mango fruit quality and yield were better under basin irrigation than under drip irrigation.
- Taxon
- MANGOMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- basin irrigation methode4
- Outcome
- fruit quality and yielde4
- Direction
- bettere4
- Qualifier
- attributed to dry stresses due to limited availability of water around the tree canopye4
- Comparator
- drip methode3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“the fruit quality and yield was better under basin irrigation method; this is attributed to dry stresses due to limited availability of water around the tree canopy”
e3“The fruit drop was higher under drip method”
t0“MANGO PRODUCTION AND FRUIT QUALITY UNDER PROPERLY MANAGED DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drip irrigation the mango trees were under dry stress because moisture around the canopy was insufficient.
- Taxon
- MANGOMangifera indicat0
- Outcome
- dry stresse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“They did not provide sufficient moisture around the canopy hence trees were under dry stress”
t0“MANGO PRODUCTION AND FRUIT QUALITY UNDER PROPERLY MANAGED DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend operating the drip system for additional hours to cover the entire mango canopy.
- Taxon
- MANGOMangifera indicat0
- Outcome
- operated for additional hourse6
- Qualifier
- To cover entire canopye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“To cover entire canopy, the system should be operated for additional hours”
t0“MANGO PRODUCTION AND FRUIT QUALITY UNDER PROPERLY MANAGED DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend placing the lateral with circular orientation around the mango canopy.
- Taxon
- MANGOMangifera indicat0
- Outcome
- placed with circular orientation around the canopye7
- Qualifier
- to provide moisture and avoid dry stresse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The lateral could be placed with circular orientation around the canopy to provide moisture and avoid dry stress”
t0“MANGO PRODUCTION AND FRUIT QUALITY UNDER PROPERLY MANAGED DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend setting the frequency and time of irrigation application according to the daily consumptive use of the mango tree.
- Taxon
- mango treeMangifera indicae0
- Outcome
- frequency and time of applicatione0
- Qualifier
- according to the daily consumptive use of the mango treee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The frequency and time of application should be set according to the daily consumptive use of the mango tree”
Claim · model-written summary
Inappropriate placement of the drippers failed to irrigate the outer edges of the mango tree canopy.
- Taxon
- MANGOMangifera indicat0
- Outcome
- failed to irrigate the outer edges of the tree canopye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the placement of the drippers was inappropriate which failed to irrigate the outer edges of the tree canopy”
t0“MANGO PRODUCTION AND FRUIT QUALITY UNDER PROPERLY MANAGED DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM”
Claim · model-written summary
Several operational problems were observed in the mango drip irrigation system.
- Taxon
- MANGOMangifera indicat0
- Outcome
- operational problemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Several operational problems were observed that need to be locally resolved”
t0“MANGO PRODUCTION AND FRUIT QUALITY UNDER PROPERLY MANAGED DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM”
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