Abstract
All over the world, using natural and safety environmental substances is lofty target to improve quality and quantity of plants. Pot experiments were conducted during summer seasons (2011 and 2012) at the greenhouse of the National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt to evaluate the effect of exogenous application of methanol at 10, 15, 20 and 25% and bread yeast extract at 1, 2, 3 and 4% on the growth, photosynthetic pigments, yield, yield attributes, nutritive value, antioxidant activity and fatty acids composition of soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Giza 111). The highest significant increase in plant dry weight was recorded at treatment 4% yeast extract being 82.8% over control, whereas, the least increase was 31.7% over control resulted at treatment 25% methanol. Total photosynthetic pigments was significantly increased at 4% yeast extract by 115.3% over control followed by 3% yeast extract and 20% methanol that enhanced the total photosynthetic pigments by the same degree (77.9%). The highest significant increases in yield and yield attributes resulted at treatments 3 and 4 % yeast extract, since, seeds weight /plant was increased by 90.7 and 106.7%, respectively over control. Meanwhile, increasing in seeds weight/plant was 78.7% over control at treatment 20% methanol. Either methanol treatments or yeast extracts increased oil, protein and carbohydrate, phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activity of the yielded seeds, meanwhile, tannins were decreased. Yeast extracts and methanol treatments at all levels caused marked decreases in total saturated fatty acids accompanied by marked increases in total unsaturated fatty acids. The essential fatty acids (Linoleic acid C 18:2 + Linolenic acid C18:3) were increased by all applied treatments except at 25% methanol. It is worthy to mention that, the enhancement effects of yeast extracts were more pronounced than methanol treatments on soybean growth and yield.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
4% yeast extract increased soybean dry weight by 82.8% over control.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Material
- Giza 111e1
- Treatment
- 4% yeast extracte0
- Outcome
- plant dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 82.8%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest significant increase in plant dry weight was recorded at treatment 4% yeast extract being 82.8% over control, whereas, the least increase was 31.7% over control resulted at treatment 25% methanol.”
e1“soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Giza 111)”
Claim · model-written summary
25% methanol increased soybean dry weight by 31.7% over control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Giza 111e1
- Treatment
- 25% methanole0
- Outcome
- plant dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 31.7%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest significant increase in plant dry weight was recorded at treatment 4% yeast extract being 82.8% over control, whereas, the least increase was 31.7% over control resulted at treatment 25% methanol.”
e1“soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Giza 111)”
Claim · model-written summary
4% yeast extract increased photosynthetic pigments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Giza 111e1
- Treatment
- 4% yeast extracte0
- Outcome
- total photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 115.3%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total photosynthetic pigments was significantly increased at 4% yeast extract by 115.3% over control followed by 3% yeast extract and 20% methanol that enhanced the total photosynthetic pigments by the same degree (77.9%).”
e1“soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Giza 111)”
Claim · model-written summary
3% yeast extract increased photosynthetic pigments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Giza 111e1
- Treatment
- 3% yeast extracte0
- Outcome
- total photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 77.9%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total photosynthetic pigments was significantly increased at 4% yeast extract by 115.3% over control followed by 3% yeast extract and 20% methanol that enhanced the total photosynthetic pigments by the same degree (77.9%).”
e1“soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Giza 111)”
Claim · model-written summary
20% methanol increased photosynthetic pigments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Giza 111e1
- Treatment
- 20% methanole0
- Outcome
- total photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 77.9%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total photosynthetic pigments was significantly increased at 4% yeast extract by 115.3% over control followed by 3% yeast extract and 20% methanol that enhanced the total photosynthetic pigments by the same degree (77.9%).”
e1“soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Giza 111)”
Claim · model-written summary
3 increased seed weight per plant.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Giza 111e1
- Treatment
- 3e0
- Outcome
- seeds weight /plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 90.7e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest significant increases in yield and yield attributes resulted at treatments 3 and 4 % yeast extract, since, seeds weight /plant was increased by 90.7 and 106.7%, respectively over control.”
e1“soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Giza 111)”
Claim · model-written summary
4 % yeast extract increased seed weight per plant.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Giza 111e1
- Treatment
- 4 % yeast extracte0
- Outcome
- seeds weight /plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 106.7%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest significant increases in yield and yield attributes resulted at treatments 3 and 4 % yeast extract, since, seeds weight /plant was increased by 90.7 and 106.7%, respectively over control.”
e1“soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Giza 111)”
Claim · model-written summary
20% methanol increased seed weight per plant by 78.7%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Giza 111e1
- Treatment
- 20% methanole0
- Outcome
- seeds weight/plante0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 78.7%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meanwhile, increasing in seeds weight/plant was 78.7% over control at treatment 20% methanol.”
e1“soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Giza 111)”
Claim · model-written summary
methanol treatments changed seed oil, protein and carbohydrate.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Giza 111e1
- Treatment
- methanol treatmentse0
- Outcome
- oil, protein and carbohydratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Either methanol treatments or yeast extracts increased oil, protein and carbohydrate, phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activity of the yielded seeds, meanwhile, tannins were decreased.”
e1“soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Giza 111)”
Claim · model-written summary
methanol treatments changed seed phenolic and flavonoid contents.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Giza 111e1
- Treatment
- methanol treatmentse0
- Outcome
- phenolic and flavonoid contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Either methanol treatments or yeast extracts increased oil, protein and carbohydrate, phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activity of the yielded seeds, meanwhile, tannins were decreased.”
e1“soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Giza 111)”
Claim · model-written summary
methanol treatments changed seed antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Giza 111e1
- Treatment
- methanol treatmentse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Either methanol treatments or yeast extracts increased oil, protein and carbohydrate, phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activity of the yielded seeds, meanwhile, tannins were decreased.”
e1“soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Giza 111)”
Claim · model-written summary
methanol treatments changed seed tannins.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Giza 111e1
- Treatment
- methanol treatmentse0
- Outcome
- tanninse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Either methanol treatments or yeast extracts increased oil, protein and carbohydrate, phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activity of the yielded seeds, meanwhile, tannins were decreased.”
e1“soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Giza 111)”
Claim · model-written summary
yeast extracts changed seed oil, protein and carbohydrate.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Giza 111e1
- Treatment
- yeast extractse0
- Outcome
- oil, protein and carbohydratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Either methanol treatments or yeast extracts increased oil, protein and carbohydrate, phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activity of the yielded seeds, meanwhile, tannins were decreased.”
e1“soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Giza 111)”
Claim · model-written summary
yeast extracts changed seed phenolic and flavonoid contents.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Giza 111e1
- Treatment
- yeast extractse0
- Outcome
- phenolic and flavonoid contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Either methanol treatments or yeast extracts increased oil, protein and carbohydrate, phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activity of the yielded seeds, meanwhile, tannins were decreased.”
e1“soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Giza 111)”
Claim · model-written summary
yeast extracts changed seed antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Giza 111e1
- Treatment
- yeast extractse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Either methanol treatments or yeast extracts increased oil, protein and carbohydrate, phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activity of the yielded seeds, meanwhile, tannins were decreased.”
e1“soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Giza 111)”
Claim · model-written summary
yeast extracts changed seed tannins.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Giza 111e1
- Treatment
- yeast extractse0
- Outcome
- tanninse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Either methanol treatments or yeast extracts increased oil, protein and carbohydrate, phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activity of the yielded seeds, meanwhile, tannins were decreased.”
e1“soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Giza 111)”
Claim · model-written summary
Yeast extracts altered total saturated fatty acids.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Giza 111e1
- Treatment
- Yeast extractse0
- Outcome
- total saturated fatty acidse0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yeast extracts and methanol treatments at all levels caused marked decreases in total saturated fatty acids accompanied by marked increases in total unsaturated fatty acids.”
e1“soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Giza 111)”
Claim · model-written summary
methanol treatments altered total saturated fatty acids.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Giza 111e1
- Treatment
- methanol treatmentse0
- Outcome
- total saturated fatty acidse0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yeast extracts and methanol treatments at all levels caused marked decreases in total saturated fatty acids accompanied by marked increases in total unsaturated fatty acids.”
e1“soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Giza 111)”
Claim · model-written summary
Yeast extracts altered total unsaturated fatty acids.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Giza 111e1
- Treatment
- Yeast extractse0
- Outcome
- total unsaturated fatty acidse0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yeast extracts and methanol treatments at all levels caused marked decreases in total saturated fatty acids accompanied by marked increases in total unsaturated fatty acids.”
e1“soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Giza 111)”
Claim · model-written summary
methanol treatments altered total unsaturated fatty acids.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Giza 111e1
- Treatment
- methanol treatmentse0
- Outcome
- total unsaturated fatty acidse0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yeast extracts and methanol treatments at all levels caused marked decreases in total saturated fatty acids accompanied by marked increases in total unsaturated fatty acids.”
e1“soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Giza 111)”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.