Abstract
The specific objective of this study was to observe the role of brackish water for reclaiming salt affected land. Experiment was carried out on a saline-sodic, nongypsiferous soil. The treatments tried were: T1) Irrigations with pure tubewell water; T2) T1+Sub-soiling upto 45 cm; T3) T1+Gypsum @ 100% GR of soil; and T4) T1+Pressmud @ 25 tons ha -1 . Wheat-rice crop rotation was practiced. Recommended doses of NPK (134 – 56 - 31 kg ha -1 ) was applied. The infiltration rate of the soil increased in all the treatments at the end of the experiment. Maximum increase of 100% was recorded with the application of gypsum @ 100% GR of the soil. The pH of the soil in all the treatments at most of the soil depths increased by 1 to 3 percent at the end of the experiment except at a few soil depths where, it remained static. However, at the end of the experiment the pH ranged between 9.1 to 9.7. The soil ECe decreased in all the treatments at all the soil depths whereas, in treatment 1 and 4, ECe increased by 35 percent and 5 percent only at 60-90 cm soil depth, respectively. The SAR decreased in all the treatments at all the soil depths. In the upper 0-15 cm soil depth the SAR in all the treatments had higher values than the safe limit (13 mmol L -1 ) 1/2 . The maximum wheat grain yield was obtained with the application of gypsum @ 100% GR of soil and was followed by T4 (pressmud application @ 25 tons ha -1 ) in both the years. Due to very high salinity/sodicity as well as the continuous application of hazardous water, wheat 2003-04 and rice 2003, 2004 and 2005 could not survive. Application of gypsum @ 100% GR of soil with brackish water irrigations proved the best treatment to get the maximum possible yield i.e. 1983 percent more than the irrigations with pure tubewell water application.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Soil infiltration increased in all treatments.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- all the treatmentse0
- Outcome
- infiltration rate of the soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The infiltration rate of the soil increased in all the treatments at the end of the experiment”
e1“Wheat-rice crop rotation was practiced”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum gave the maximum 100% increase in infiltration.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- application of gypsum @ 100% GR of the soile0
- Outcome
- infiltration rate of the soile1
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum increase of 100% was recorded with the application of gypsum @ 100% GR of the soil”
e1“The infiltration rate of the soil increased in all the treatments”
e2“Wheat-rice crop rotation was practiced”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil pH rose 1 to 3 percent at most depths.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- pH of the soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1 to 3 percente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pH of the soil in all the treatments at most of the soil depths increased by 1 to 3 percent at the end of the experiment”
e1“Wheat-rice crop rotation was practiced”
Claim · model-written summary
Final soil pH ranged from 9.1 to 9.7.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- pHe0
- Value
- 9.1 to 9.7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at the end of the experiment the pH ranged between 9.1 to 9.7”
e1“Wheat-rice crop rotation was practiced”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil ECe declined across treatments and depths.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- soil ECee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil ECe decreased in all the treatments at all the soil depths”
e1“Wheat-rice crop rotation was practiced”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60-90 cm depth, ECe increased 35 percent in treatment 1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- treatment 1e0
- Outcome
- ECee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 35 percente0
- Qualifier
- 60-90 cm soil depthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in treatment 1 and 4, ECe increased by 35 percent and 5 percent only at 60-90 cm soil depth, respectively”
e1“Wheat-rice crop rotation was practiced”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60-90 cm depth, ECe increased 5 percent in treatment 4.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- 4e0
- Outcome
- ECee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5 percente0
- Qualifier
- 60-90 cm soil depthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in treatment 1 and 4, ECe increased by 35 percent and 5 percent only at 60-90 cm soil depth, respectively”
e1“Wheat-rice crop rotation was practiced”
Claim · model-written summary
SAR declined in all treatments and depths.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- SARe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SAR decreased in all the treatments at all the soil depths”
e1“Wheat-rice crop rotation was practiced”
Claim · model-written summary
Upper-layer SAR stayed above the safe limit.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- SARe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 13 mmol L -1e0
- Comparator
- the safe limite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the upper 0-15 cm soil depth the SAR in all the treatments had higher values than the safe limit (13 mmol L -1 ) 1/2”
e1“Wheat-rice crop rotation was practiced”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum produced the highest wheat grain yield in both years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- application of gypsum @ 100% GR of soile0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Comparator
- T4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum wheat grain yield was obtained with the application of gypsum @ 100% GR of soil and was followed by T4 (pressmud application @ 25 tons ha -1 ) in both the years”
Claim · model-written summary
Pressmud ranked second for wheat grain yield in both years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- pressmud application @ 25 tons ha -1e0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- followed bye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum wheat grain yield was obtained with the application of gypsum @ 100% GR of soil and was followed by T4 (pressmud application @ 25 tons ha -1 ) in both the years”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat in 2003-04 failed to survive under high salinity and hazardous irrigation water.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- could not survivee0
- Qualifier
- very high salinity/sodicity as well as the continuous application of hazardous watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Due to very high salinity/sodicity as well as the continuous application of hazardous water, wheat 2003-04 and rice 2003, 2004 and 2005 could not survive”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice in 2003, 2004 and 2005 failed to survive under high salinity and hazardous irrigation water.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Outcome
- could not survivee0
- Qualifier
- 2003, 2004 and 2005e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Due to very high salinity/sodicity as well as the continuous application of hazardous water, wheat 2003-04 and rice 2003, 2004 and 2005 could not survive”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum with brackish irrigation produced 1983 percent more yield than pure tubewell water.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Application of gypsum @ 100% GR of soil with brackish water irrigationse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 1983 percente0
- Comparator
- irrigations with pure tubewell water applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of gypsum @ 100% GR of soil with brackish water irrigations proved the best treatment to get the maximum possible yield i.e. 1983 percent more than the irrigations with pure tubewell water application”
e1“wheat grain yield”
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