Abstract
Pre-ripe `Booth 7' avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) fruit, a cross of West Indian and Guatemalan strains, were treated with 0.9 μL·L -1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 12 hours at 20 °C. After storage for 18 days in air at 13 °C, at which time whole fruit firmness values averaged about 83 N, half of the 1-MCP-treated fruit were treated with 100 μL·L -1 ethylene for 12 hours and then transferred to 20 °C. 1-MCP delayed softening, and fruit treated with 1-MCP retained more green color than air-treated fruit when full ripe (firmness 10 to 15 N). 1-MCP affected the activities of pectinmethylesterase (EC 3.2.1.11), α-(EC 3.2.1.22) and β-galactosidases (EC 3.2.1.23), and endo-β-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4). The appearance of polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15) activity was completely suppressed in 1-MCP-treated fruit for up to 24 days, at which time the firmness of 1-MCP-treated fruit had declined nearly 80% compared with initial values. The effect of exogenous ethylene applied to partially ripened 1-MCP-treated fruit differed for different ripening parameters. Ethylene applied to mid-ripe avocado exerted no effect on the on-going rate or final extent of softening of 1-MCP-treated fruit, even though polygalacturonase and endo-1,4-β-glucanase activities increased in response to ethylene. β-galactosidase decreased in 1-MCP-treated fruit in response to ethylene treatment. 1-MCP delayed the increase in solubility and depolymerization of water- and CDTA (1,2-cyclohexylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid)-soluble polyuronides, likely due to reduced polygalacturonase activity. At the full-ripe stage, the levels of arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, rhamnose, and xylose associated with the CDTA-soluble polyuronide fraction were similar among all treatments. In contrast, the galactose levels of water-soluble polyuronides declined 40% and 17% in control and 1-MCP treated fruit, respectively. Hemicellulose neutral sugar composition was unaffected by 1-MCP or ethylene treatment. The data indicate that the capacity of avocado fruit to recover from 1-MCP-mediated suppression of ripening can be only partially amended through short-term ethylene application and differs significantly for different ripening parameters.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP delayed softening of avocado fruit.
- Taxon
- Persea americana
Persea americanae0 - Treatment
- 1-MCPe1
- Outcome
- softeninge1
- Direction
- delayede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-ripe `Booth 7' avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) fruit”
e1“1-MCP delayed softening, and fruit treated with 1-MCP retained more green color than air-treated fruit when full ripe (firmness 10 to 15 N)”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP-treated fruit retained more green colour than air-treated fruit when full ripe.
- Taxon
- Persea americanaPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe1
- Outcome
- green colore1
- Direction
- moree1
- Qualifier
- full ripe (firmness 10 to 15 N)e1
- Comparator
- air-treated fruite1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-ripe `Booth 7' avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) fruit”
e1“1-MCP delayed softening, and fruit treated with 1-MCP retained more green color than air-treated fruit when full ripe (firmness 10 to 15 N)”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP affected the activities of pectinmethylesterase, alpha- and beta-galactosidases.
- Taxon
- Persea americanaPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe2
- Gene
- pectinmethylesterase (EC 3.2.1.11), α-(EC 3.2.1.22) and β-galactosidases (EC 3.2.1.23)e2
- Outcome
- activitiese2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-ripe `Booth 7' avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) fruit”
e2“1-MCP affected the activities of pectinmethylesterase (EC 3.2.1.11), α-(EC 3.2.1.22) and β-galactosidases (EC 3.2.1.23), and endo-β-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4)”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP affected the activity of endo-beta-1,4-glucanase.
- Taxon
- Persea americanaPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe2
- Gene
- endo-β-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4)e2
- Outcome
- activitiese2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-ripe `Booth 7' avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) fruit”
e2“1-MCP affected the activities of pectinmethylesterase (EC 3.2.1.11), α-(EC 3.2.1.22) and β-galactosidases (EC 3.2.1.23), and endo-β-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4)”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP completely suppressed polygalacturonase activity for up to 24 days.
- Taxon
- Persea americanaPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe3
- Gene
- polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15)e3
- Outcome
- appearance of polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15) activitye3
- Direction
- completely suppressede3
- Qualifier
- for up to 24 dayse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-ripe `Booth 7' avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) fruit”
e3“The appearance of polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15) activity was completely suppressed in 1-MCP-treated fruit for up to 24 days, at which time the firmness of 1-MCP-treated fruit had declined nearly 80% compared with initial values”
Claim · model-written summary
Firmness of 1-MCP-treated fruit declined nearly 80% compared with initial values.
- Taxon
- Persea americanaPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe3
- Outcome
- firmnesse3
- Direction
- declinede3
- Value
- nearly 80%e3
- Comparator
- initial valuese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-ripe `Booth 7' avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) fruit”
e3“The appearance of polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15) activity was completely suppressed in 1-MCP-treated fruit for up to 24 days, at which time the firmness of 1-MCP-treated fruit had declined nearly 80% compared with initial values”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene applied to mid-ripe 1-MCP-treated avocado had no effect on the rate or extent of softening.
- Taxon
- Persea americanaPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- Ethylenee4
- Outcome
- on-going rate or final extent of softeninge4
- Direction
- no effecte4
- Qualifier
- mid-ripee4
- Comparator
- 1-MCP-treated fruite4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-ripe `Booth 7' avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) fruit”
e4“Ethylene applied to mid-ripe avocado exerted no effect on the on-going rate or final extent of softening of 1-MCP-treated fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene increased polygalacturonase and endo-1,4-beta-glucanase activities.
- Taxon
- Persea americanaPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- ethylenee5
- Outcome
- polygalacturonase and endo-1,4-β-glucanase activitiese5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-ripe `Booth 7' avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) fruit”
e5“even though polygalacturonase and endo-1,4-β-glucanase activities increased in response to ethylene”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene decreased beta-galactosidase in 1-MCP-treated fruit.
- Taxon
- Persea americanaPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- ethylene treatmente6
- Outcome
- β-galactosidasee6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-ripe `Booth 7' avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) fruit”
e6“β-galactosidase decreased in 1-MCP-treated fruit in response to ethylene treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP delayed the increase in solubility and depolymerization of water- and CDTA-soluble polyuronides.
- Taxon
- Persea americanaPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe7
- Outcome
- increase in solubility and depolymerization of water- and CDTA (1,2-cyclohexylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid)-soluble polyuronidese7
- Direction
- delayede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-ripe `Booth 7' avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) fruit”
e7“1-MCP delayed the increase in solubility and depolymerization of water- and CDTA (1,2-cyclohexylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid)-soluble polyuronides”
Claim · model-written summary
At full ripeness, arabinose, galactose and glucose levels of the CDTA-soluble fraction were similar among all treatments.
- Taxon
- Persea americanaPersea americanae0
- Outcome
- arabinose, galactose, glucosee1
- Direction
- similare1
- Qualifier
- full-ripe stagee1
- Comparator
- all treatmentse1
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-ripe `Booth 7' avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) fruit”
e1“At the full-ripe stage, the levels of arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, rhamnose, and xylose associated with the CDTA-soluble polyuronide fraction were similar among all treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
At full ripeness, mannose, rhamnose and xylose levels of the CDTA-soluble fraction were similar among all treatments.
- Taxon
- Persea americanaPersea americanae0
- Outcome
- mannose, rhamnose, and xylosee1
- Direction
- similare1
- Qualifier
- full-ripe stagee1
- Comparator
- all treatmentse1
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-ripe `Booth 7' avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) fruit”
e1“At the full-ripe stage, the levels of arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, rhamnose, and xylose associated with the CDTA-soluble polyuronide fraction were similar among all treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Galactose of water-soluble polyuronides declined 40% in control fruit.
- Taxon
- Persea americanaPersea americanae0
- Outcome
- galactose levels of water-soluble polyuronidese2
- Direction
- declinede2
- Value
- 40%e2
- Qualifier
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-ripe `Booth 7' avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) fruit”
e2“In contrast, the galactose levels of water-soluble polyuronides declined 40% and 17% in control and 1-MCP treated fruit, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Galactose of water-soluble polyuronides declined 17% in 1-MCP-treated fruit.
- Taxon
- Persea americanaPersea americanae0
- Outcome
- galactose levels of water-soluble polyuronidese2
- Direction
- declinede2
- Value
- 17%e2
- Qualifier
- 1-MCP treated fruite2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-ripe `Booth 7' avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) fruit”
e2“In contrast, the galactose levels of water-soluble polyuronides declined 40% and 17% in control and 1-MCP treated fruit, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Hemicellulose neutral sugar composition was unaffected by 1-MCP or ethylene treatment.
- Taxon
- Persea americanaPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP or ethylene treatmente3
- Outcome
- Hemicellulose neutral sugar compositione3
- Direction
- unaffectede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-ripe `Booth 7' avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) fruit”
e3“Hemicellulose neutral sugar composition was unaffected by 1-MCP or ethylene treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Short-term ethylene application only partially restored the capacity of 1-MCP-treated fruit to recover from ripening suppression.
- Taxon
- Persea americanaPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- short-term ethylene applicatione4
- Outcome
- capacity of avocado fruit to recover from 1-MCP-mediated suppression of ripeninge4
- Direction
- only partially amendede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-ripe `Booth 7' avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) fruit”
e4“The data indicate that the capacity of avocado fruit to recover from 1-MCP-mediated suppression of ripening can be only partially amended through short-term ethylene application and differs significantly for different ripening parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
The capacity to recover from 1-MCP suppression differs significantly among ripening parameters.
- Taxon
- Persea americanaPersea americanae0
- Outcome
- different ripening parameterse4
- Direction
- differse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-ripe `Booth 7' avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) fruit”
e4“The data indicate that the capacity of avocado fruit to recover from 1-MCP-mediated suppression of ripening can be only partially amended through short-term ethylene application and differs significantly for different ripening parameters”
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See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.