Abstract
Injury has been observed since the early to mid-1990s to highbush blueberries ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.) growing along roads in southern Michigan. Symptoms include shoot dieback, flower bud mortality, and reduced yields. To determine if this injury was the result of deicing salts applied to roads, salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) spray was applied to potted blueberry plants, and to the plant root zones. Bushes sprayed six times during the winter with NaCl solutions (0, 0.034, 0.068, 0.137, 0.274, 0.548 m ) developed the same injury symptoms observed in roadside fields, and injury severity was proportional to the spray concentration. The root media of other potted plants was saturated with NaCl solutions (0, 0.017, 0.051, 0.154, and 0.462 m ) in Mar. 2002. Pots were then rinsed with fresh well water when growth began in April to determine if soil salt caused similar damage. The highest soil salt levels killed most above ground growth, and damage diminished with decreasing salt levels. Twigs were also excised from branches sprayed twice with NaCl solutions or water and frozen incrementally to measure the temperature resulting in 50% flower bud mortality (LT 50 ). Salt exposure reduced the LT 50 of flower buds, by as much as 11.5 °C, relative to the control, even within 2 days of treatment. Additional studies with chloride salts (NaCl, KCl, CaCl 2 , MgCl 2 ) and sodium salts (NaCl, Na-acetate, Na 2 SO 4 ) indicated that most reduced the cold tolerance of blueberry flower buds to some degree.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Winter NaCl spray reproduced roadside blueberry injury symptoms.
- Taxon
- Highbush Blueberry
Vaccinium corymbosumt0 - Treatment
- NaCl solutionse0
- Outcome
- same injury symptomse0
- Comparator
- roadside fieldse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bushes sprayed six times during the winter with NaCl solutions (0, 0.034, 0.068, 0.137, 0.274, 0.548 m ) developed the same injury symptoms observed in roadside fields”
t0“Highbush Blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray injury severity rose with NaCl concentration.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- spray concentratione0
- Outcome
- injury severitye0
- Direction
- proportionale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“injury severity was proportional to the spray concentration.”
t0“Highbush Blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest root-media salt levels killed most above-ground growth.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- highest soil salt levelse0
- Outcome
- above ground growthe0
- Direction
- killede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest soil salt levels killed most above ground growth”
t0“Highbush Blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Damage diminished as soil salt levels decreased.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- decreasing salt levelse0
- Outcome
- damagee0
- Direction
- diminishede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“damage diminished with decreasing salt levels.”
t0“Highbush Blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt exposure reduced flower bud LT 50 by up to 11.5 °C versus control, within two days.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- Salt exposuree0
- Outcome
- LT 50 of flower budse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 11.5 °Ce0
- Qualifier
- within 2 days of treatmente0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt exposure reduced the LT 50 of flower buds, by as much as 11.5 °C, relative to the control, even within 2 days of treatment.”
t0“Highbush Blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Most tested chloride and sodium salts reduced blueberry flower bud cold tolerance.
- Taxon
- blueberrye0
- Treatment
- chloride salts (NaCl, KCl, CaCl 2 , MgCl 2 ) and sodium salts (NaCl, Na-acetate, Na 2 SO 4 )e0
- Outcome
- cold tolerance of blueberry flower budse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Additional studies with chloride salts (NaCl, KCl, CaCl 2 , MgCl 2 ) and sodium salts (NaCl, Na-acetate, Na 2 SO 4 ) indicated that most reduced the cold tolerance of blueberry flower buds to some degree.”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberry)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.