Abstract
Callus cultures of highbush blueberry were selected for 10 passages on medium supplemented with 50 rnol m-3 NaCl, 50 rnol m-3 KCl, 25 mol m-3 Na2SO4, 25 mol m-3 K2SO4 or 100 mol m-3 mannitol. On all salts, growth of selected callus was greater (200-250%) than that of non-selected callus, and selected callus grew optimally on the type of salt on which it was selected. Conventional (whole plant analysis) and electron probe X-ray microanalysis showed that selected callus accumulated more ions (approximately 1.5-3.0-fold) than non-selected callus on all salts, and there was a positive correlation between vacuolar ion concentration and fresh weight. Growth of NaCl-selected callus but not non-selected callus was greatly enhanced (2.25-fold) in the presence of 100 mol m-3 mannitol, while growth of a mannitol-selected callus line was also enhanced. In callus grown on NaCl or mannitol, slight increases in levels of glycinebetaine, choline and proline were measured. Sucrose, glucose, fructose, sorbitol and malate concentrations significantly increased in callus grown on NaCl or mannitol, and selected callus produced 4-fold more sugars than non-selected callus. The total increases in concentrations of all measured sugars were 210 μmol gFW-1 in NaCl-selected callus grown on 50 mol m-3 NaCl, and 296 μmol gFW-1 in mannitol selected callus grown on 100 rnol m-3 mannitol. The results of this study indicate that adaptation of blueberry callus cultures for optimal growth on salt-containing media is probably due to adaptation to water stress, not tolerance to specific ions. Osmotic adjustment, achieved by ion uptake and production of sugars, appears to be the physiological mechanism of adaptation.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Selected blueberry callus grew 200–250% more than non-selected callus on all salts.
- Taxon
- Highbush Blueberry
Vaccinium corymbosumt0 - Material
- selected calluse1
- Treatment
- all saltse1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- 200-250%e1
- Comparator
- non-selected calluse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Highbush Blueberry”
e1“On all salts, growth of selected callus was greater (200-250%) than that of non-selected callus”
Claim · model-written summary
Selected callus accumulated more ions (about 1.5–3.0-fold) than non-selected callus on all salts.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Material
- selected calluse2
- Treatment
- all saltse2
- Outcome
- ionse2
- Direction
- moree2
- Value
- approximately 1.5-3.0-folde2
- Comparator
- non-selected calluse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Highbush Blueberry”
e2“selected callus accumulated more ions (approximately 1.5-3.0-fold) than non-selected callus on all salts”
Claim · model-written summary
Vacuolar ion concentration was positively correlated with fresh weight of blueberry callus.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- vacuolar ion concentratione3
- Outcome
- fresh weighte3
- Direction
- positive correlatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Highbush Blueberry”
e3“there was a positive correlation between vacuolar ion concentration and fresh weight”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl-selected callus growth was greatly enhanced (2.25-fold) by 100 mol m-3 mannitol, but non-selected callus growth was not.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Material
- NaCl-selected calluse4
- Treatment
- 100 mol m-3 mannitole4
- Outcome
- growthe4
- Direction
- greatly enhancede4
- Value
- 2.25-folde4
- Comparator
- non-selected calluse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Highbush Blueberry”
e4“Growth of NaCl-selected callus but not non-selected callus was greatly enhanced (2.25-fold) in the presence of 100 mol m-3 mannitol”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycinebetaine, choline and proline levels increased slightly in callus grown on NaCl or mannitol.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- NaCl or mannitole5
- Outcome
- levels of glycinebetaine, choline and prolinee5
- Direction
- slight increasese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Highbush Blueberry”
e5“In callus grown on NaCl or mannitol, slight increases in levels of glycinebetaine, choline and proline were measured”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose, glucose and fructose concentrations increased significantly in callus grown on NaCl or mannitol.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- NaCl or mannitole6
- Outcome
- Sucrose, glucose, fructosee6
- Direction
- significantly increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Highbush Blueberry”
e6“Sucrose, glucose, fructose, sorbitol and malate concentrations significantly increased in callus grown on NaCl or mannitol”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorbitol and malate concentrations increased significantly in callus grown on NaCl or mannitol.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- NaCl or mannitole6
- Outcome
- sorbitol and malatee6
- Direction
- significantly increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Highbush Blueberry”
e6“Sucrose, glucose, fructose, sorbitol and malate concentrations significantly increased in callus grown on NaCl or mannitol”
Claim · model-written summary
Selected callus produced about 4-fold more sugars than non-selected callus.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Material
- selected calluse7
- Outcome
- sugarse7
- Direction
- moree7
- Value
- 4-folde7
- Comparator
- non-selected calluse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Highbush Blueberry”
e7“selected callus produced 4-fold more sugars than non-selected callus”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl-selected callus grown on 50 mol m-3 NaCl had a total increase of 210 μmol gFW-1 in sugar concentrations.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Material
- NaCl-selected calluse1
- Treatment
- 50 mol m-3 NaCle1
- Outcome
- total increases in concentrations of all measured sugarse1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- 210 μmol gFW-1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Highbush Blueberry”
e1“The total increases in concentrations of all measured sugars were 210 μmol gFW-1 in NaCl-selected callus grown on 50 mol m-3 NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Mannitol-selected callus grown on 100 mol m-3 mannitol had a total increase of 296 μmol gFW-1 in sugar concentrations.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Material
- mannitol selected calluse2
- Treatment
- 100 rnol m-3 mannitole2
- Outcome
- total increases in concentrations of all measured sugarse1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- 296 μmol gFW-1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Highbush Blueberry”
e1“The total increases in concentrations of all measured sugars were 210 μmol gFW-1 in NaCl-selected callus grown on 50 mol m-3 NaCl”
e2“and 296 μmol gFW-1 in mannitol selected callus grown on 100 rnol m-3 mannitol”
Claim · model-written summary
Adaptation of blueberry callus to salt-containing media is probably due to adaptation to water stress rather than tolerance to specific ions.
Verbatim
e1“adaptation of blueberry callus cultures for optimal growth on salt-containing media is probably due to adaptation to water stress, not tolerance to specific ions”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic adjustment, through ion uptake and sugar production, appears to be the physiological mechanism of blueberry callus adaptation.
- Taxon
- Highbush BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Outcome
- adaptatione1
- Qualifier
- Osmotic adjustment, achieved by ion uptake and production of sugarse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Highbush Blueberry”
e1“Osmotic adjustment, achieved by ion uptake and production of sugars, appears to be the physiological mechanism of adaptation”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberry)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.