Abstract
Kochia (Kochia scoparia) control dropped from about 90% to less than 20% after three consecutive annual applications of acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides in several northeastern South Dakota fields. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate control of kochia resistant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides using combinations of herbicides applied postemergence (POST) in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and using herbicides applied preemergence (PRE), POST, and PRE plus POST in soybean (Glycine max). Thifensulfuron plus tribenuron did not control kochia in wheat (> 600 kochia plants/m2 at harvest) and wheat yield was similar to yield of the untreated control. Dicamba plus 2,4-D (in 1996) and bromoxynil plus MCPA (in 1996 and 1997) controlled kochia and increased yields by 15% or more. Kochia was sparse (less than 1 plant/m2) in soybean plots, but grass weeds were prevalent. PRE plus POST or POST herbicide combinations that included ALS-inhibiting herbicides controlled grasses, and soybean yields were as much as 20% greater than yields with combinations that did not contain ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Adding ALS-inhibiting herbicides to wheat herbicide combinations decreased profitability because treatment costs increased while yields did not. In contrast, adding ALS-inhibiting herbicides to soybean treatments increased profitability due to better grass control, resulting in increased yield and better return.Nomenclature: Bromoxynil, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile; 2,4-D, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid; dicamba, 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid; MCPA, (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) acetic acid; thifensulfuron, methyl 3-[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5,-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid; tribenuron, 2-[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)methylamino]bonyl] amino]sulfonyl]benzoic acid; kochia, Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. #3 KCHSC; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.; wheat, Triticum aestivum L.Additional index words: Acifluorfen, ALS inhibitor resistance, ammonium sulfate, bentazon, bromoxynil, sulfonylurea herbicides, 2,4-D, dicamba, imazethapyr, lactofen, MCPA, metribuzin, pendimethalin, thifensulfuron, tribenuron, KCHSC.Abbreviations: ALS, acetolactate synthase (EC4.1.3.18); COC, crop oil concentrate; DAT, days after treatment; NIS, nonionic surfactant; OM, organic matter; POST, postemergence; PRE preemergence.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Repeated ALS inhibiting herbicides reduced kochia control from about 90% to less than 20%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- three consecutive annual applications of acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicidese0
- Interactor
- Kochia scoparia
Bassia scopariae0weed - Outcome
- Kochia (Kochia scoparia) controle0
- Direction
- droppede0
- Value
- less than 20%e0
- Qualifier
- about 90%e0
- Setting
- northeastern South Dakotae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kochia (Kochia scoparia) control dropped from about 90% to less than 20% after three consecutive annual applications of acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides in several northeastern South Dakota fields.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Thifensulfuron plus tribenuron failed to control kochia in wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Thifensulfuron plus tribenurone0
- Outcome
- kochiae0
- Value
- > 600 kochia plants/m2e0
BassiaNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thifensulfuron plus tribenuron did not control kochia in wheat (> 600 kochia plants/m2 at harvest)”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield with thifensulfuron plus tribenuron was similar to untreated control.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Thifensulfuron plus tribenurone0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thifensulfuron plus tribenuron did not control kochia in wheat (> 600 kochia plants/m2 at harvest) and wheat yield was similar to yield of the untreated control”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba plus 2,4-D controlled kochia in 1996.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Dicamba plus 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- kochiae0
- Direction
- controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba plus 2,4-D (in 1996) and bromoxynil plus MCPA (in 1996 and 1997) controlled kochia”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bromoxynil plus MCPA controlled kochia in 1996 and 1997.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- bromoxynil plus MCPAe0
- Outcome
- kochiae0
- Direction
- controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba plus 2,4-D (in 1996) and bromoxynil plus MCPA (in 1996 and 1997) controlled kochia”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
These herbicide combinations increased wheat yield by at least 15%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Dicamba plus 2,4-De0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15% or moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba plus 2,4-D (in 1996) and bromoxynil plus MCPA (in 1996 and 1997) controlled kochia and increased yields by 15% or more.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Kochia density was below one plant per square metre in soybean plots.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Outcome
- Kochiae0
- Value
- less than 1 plant/m2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kochia was sparse (less than 1 plant/m2) in soybean plots, but grass weeds were prevalent.”
Claim · model-written summary
Grass weeds were prevalent in soybean plots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Interactor
- grass weedse0weed
- Outcome
- grass weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kochia was sparse (less than 1 plant/m2) in soybean plots, but grass weeds were prevalent.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combinations containing ALS inhibiting herbicides controlled grass weeds in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- PRE plus POST or POST herbicide combinations that included ALS-inhibiting herbicidese0
- Interactor
- grassese0weed
- Outcome
- grassese0
- Direction
- controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PRE plus POST or POST herbicide combinations that included ALS-inhibiting herbicides controlled grasses”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yields with ALS inhibiting combinations were up to 20% greater.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- ALS-inhibiting herbicidese0
- Outcome
- soybean yieldse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Comparator
- combinations that did not contain ALS-inhibiting herbicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean yields were as much as 20% greater than yields with combinations that did not contain ALS-inhibiting herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding ALS inhibitors reduced wheat treatment profitability.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Adding ALS-inhibiting herbicidese0
- Outcome
- profitabilitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Adding ALS-inhibiting herbicides to wheat herbicide combinations decreased profitability because treatment costs increased while yields did not.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding ALS inhibitors increased soybean treatment profitability.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- adding ALS-inhibiting herbicidese0
- Interactor
- grasse0weed
- Outcome
- profitabilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adding ALS-inhibiting herbicides to soybean treatments increased profitability due to better grass control, resulting in increased yield and better return.”
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See all 563 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.