Abstract
Previous research has shown that flumioxazin has the potential to cause peanut injury. In response to this concern, laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of temperature on germination of flumioxazin-treated peanut seed and the effect of interval between flumioxazin application and irrigation on peanut emergence and injury. Laboratory experiments using 14C-flumioxazin were also conducted to investigate differential tolerance exhibited by peanut, ivyleaf morningglory, and sicklepod to flumioxazin. Flumioxazin treatments containing either water-dispersible granular or wettable powder formulation at 1.4 μmol L−1 did not influence germination compared with nontreated peanut across all temperature regimes (15 to 40 C). Peanut treated with either formulations of flumioxazin preemergence and receiving irrigation at emergence and 2 and 4 d after emergence were injured between 40 and 60%. Peanut treated at 8 and 12 d after emergence were injured between 25 and 15%, respectively. Total 14C absorbed by ivyleaf mornigglory was 57% of applied whereas sicklepod absorbed 46%, 72 h after treatment (HAT). Peanut absorbed > 74% of applied 14C 72 HAT. The majority of absorbed 14C remained in roots of sicklepod, ivyleaf morningglory, and peanut at all harvest times. Ivyleaf morningglory contained 41% of the parent herbicide 72 HAT whereas sicklepod and peanut contained only 24 and 11% parent compound, respectively. Regression slopes indicated slower flumioxazin metabolism by ivyleaf morningglory (a susceptible species) compared with sicklepod and peanut (tolerant species).
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin formulations at 1.4 μmol L−1 did not influence peanut germination compared with nontreated peanut across 15 to 40 C.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae1 - Treatment
- Flumioxazine1
- Outcome
- germinatione1
- Direction
- did not influencee1
- Qualifier
- across all temperature regimes (15 to 40 C)e1
- Comparator
- nontreated peanute1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Flumioxazin treatments containing either water-dispersible granular or wettable powder formulation at 1.4 μmol L−1 did not influence germination compared with nontreated peanut across all temperature regimes (15 to 40 C)”
Claim · model-written summary
Peanut treated preemergence with flumioxazin and irrigated at emergence and 2 and 4 d after emergence was injured 40 to 60%.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- flumioxazin preemergence and receiving irrigation at emergence and 2 and 4 d after emergencee1
- Outcome
- injurede1
- Direction
- injurede1
- Value
- 40 and 60%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Peanut treated with either formulations of flumioxazin preemergence and receiving irrigation at emergence and 2 and 4 d after emergence were injured between 40 and 60%”
Claim · model-written summary
Peanut treated at 8 and 12 d after emergence was injured 25% and 15%, respectively.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- 8 and 12 d after emergencee1
- Outcome
- injurede1
- Direction
- injurede1
- Value
- 25 and 15%e1
- Qualifier
- respectivelye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Peanut treated at 8 and 12 d after emergence were injured between 25 and 15%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Ivyleaf morningglory absorbed 57% of the applied 14C at 72 h after treatment.
Verbatim
e1“Total 14C absorbed by ivyleaf mornigglory was 57% of applied whereas sicklepod absorbed 46%, 72 h after treatment (HAT)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sicklepod absorbed 46% of the applied 14C at 72 h after treatment.
Verbatim
e1“Total 14C absorbed by ivyleaf mornigglory was 57% of applied whereas sicklepod absorbed 46%, 72 h after treatment (HAT)”
Claim · model-written summary
Peanut absorbed more than 74% of the applied 14C at 72 HAT.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Outcome
- absorbede1
- Value
- > 74%e1
- Qualifier
- 72 HATe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Peanut absorbed > 74% of applied 14C 72 HAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Most absorbed 14C remained in the roots of sicklepod.
Verbatim
e1“The majority of absorbed 14C remained in roots of sicklepod, ivyleaf morningglory, and peanut at all harvest times”
Claim · model-written summary
Most absorbed 14C remained in the roots of ivyleaf morningglory.
- Taxon
- ivyleaf morningglory
Ipomoea hederaceae1 - Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Outcome
- majority of absorbed 14C remainede1
- Qualifier
- at all harvest timese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The majority of absorbed 14C remained in roots of sicklepod, ivyleaf morningglory, and peanut at all harvest times”
Claim · model-written summary
Most absorbed 14C remained in the roots of peanut.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Outcome
- majority of absorbed 14C remainede1
- Qualifier
- at all harvest timese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The majority of absorbed 14C remained in roots of sicklepod, ivyleaf morningglory, and peanut at all harvest times”
Claim · model-written summary
Ivyleaf morningglory contained 41% of the parent herbicide at 72 HAT.
- Taxon
- Ivyleaf morninggloryIpomoea hederaceae1
- Outcome
- parent herbicidee1
- Value
- 41%e1
- Qualifier
- 72 HATe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Ivyleaf morningglory contained 41% of the parent herbicide 72 HAT whereas sicklepod and peanut contained only 24 and 11% parent compound, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Sicklepod contained 24% parent compound at 72 HAT.
Verbatim
e1“Ivyleaf morningglory contained 41% of the parent herbicide 72 HAT whereas sicklepod and peanut contained only 24 and 11% parent compound, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Peanut contained 11% parent compound at 72 HAT.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Outcome
- parent compounde1
- Value
- 11%e1
- Qualifier
- 72 HATe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Ivyleaf morningglory contained 41% of the parent herbicide 72 HAT whereas sicklepod and peanut contained only 24 and 11% parent compound, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin metabolism was slower in ivyleaf morningglory, a susceptible species, than in sicklepod and peanut, tolerant species.
- Taxon
- ivyleaf morninggloryIpomoea hederaceae1
- Outcome
- flumioxazin metabolisme1
- Direction
- slowere1
- Qualifier
- a susceptible speciese1
- Comparator
- sicklepod and peanute1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Regression slopes indicated slower flumioxazin metabolism by ivyleaf morningglory (a susceptible species) compared with sicklepod and peanut (tolerant species)”
The same questions in other papers
flumioxazin · growth · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →flumioxazin · crop injury · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree
15 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →irrigation · crop injury · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
herbicide · crop injury · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
22 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
23 papers more in this group
See all 27 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.