Abstract
Tomato Cf-genes confer race-specific resistance to Cladosporium fulvum. Resistance is mediated through recognition of specific products of fungal avirulence (Avr) genes. Cf-genes encode plasma membrane receptor-like proteins (RLPs), with an LRR domain that is involved in recognition, and no apparent signalling domain. These proteins are difficult to investigate purely by biochemical approaches. To understand any biological mechanism, it is crucial to choose the right biological system. Our studies on Cf-genes have revealed the existence of an RLP-based mechanism, the full understanding of which now requires deployment of a better system for forward and reverse genetics, namely Arabidopsis. The Arabidopsis Col-0 set of 57 RLPs has been defined and subjected to computational analysis. From analysis of genetic variation for Peronospora resistance in Arabidopsis, the RPP27 gene was defined (in Landsberg), and it also encodes an RLP. This observation opens up the possibility of forward genetics approaches to reveal RLP mechanisms. Reverse genetics approaches are also being undertaken. In Cf-9-carrying tobacco cell cultures, provision of Avr9 results in activation of a set of defence responses, including production of active oxygen, gene induction and cell death within 3–4 hrs. This cell death is prevented by proteasome inhibitors. Expression profiling of elicited tobacco cells revealed a set of Avr9, Cf-9 Rapidly Elicited (ACRE) genes. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was used to show that several E3 ubiquitin ligase genes, and a protein kinase, are required for cell death. In Arabidopsis cell cultures challenged with flagellin or a conserved flagellin peptide (flg22), similar defense responses are elicited. Arabidopsis orthologs of ACRE (AtACRE) genes are being investigated to assess their role in RPP27-dependent and other disease resistance.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Studies of Cf genes revealed an RLP-based mechanism.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Interactor
- Cladosporium fulvum
Fulvia fulvae1pathogen - Gene
- Cf-genese0
- Outcome
- RLP-based mechanisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our studies on Cf-genes have revealed the existence of an RLP-based mechanism”
e1“Tomato Cf-genes confer race-specific resistance to Cladosporium fulvum”
Claim · model-written summary
The Arabidopsis Col-0 set of 57 RLPs was defined and computationally analysed.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Material
- Col-0e0
- Gene
- RLPse0
- Outcome
- RLPs has been defined and subjected to computational analysise0
- Value
- 57 RLPse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Arabidopsis Col-0 set of 57 RLPs has been defined and subjected to computational analysis”
Claim · model-written summary
RPP27 was defined from variation in Arabidopsis Peronospora resistance and encodes an RLP.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- Landsberge0
- Interactor
- Peronospora
Peronosporae0pathogen - Gene
- RPP27 genee0
- Outcome
- encodes an RLPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“From analysis of genetic variation for Peronospora resistance in Arabidopsis, the RPP27 gene was defined (in Landsberg), and it also encodes an RLP”
Claim · model-written summary
Avr9 elicited active oxygen, gene induction and cell death in Cf-9 tobacco cells within 3–4 hours.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Treatment
- provision of Avr9e0
- Gene
- Cf-9e0
- Outcome
- production of active oxygen, gene induction and cell deathe0
- Direction
- activatione0
- Value
- 3–4 hrse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Cf-9-carrying tobacco cell cultures, provision of Avr9 results in activation of a set of defence responses, including production of active oxygen, gene induction and cell death within 3–4 hrs”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteasome inhibitors prevented the elicited tobacco cell death.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- proteasome inhibitorse0
- Outcome
- cell deathe0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This cell death is prevented by proteasome inhibitors”
e1“In Cf-9-carrying tobacco cell cultures, provision of Avr9 results in activation of a set of defence responses, including production of active oxygen, gene induction and cell death within 3–4 hrs”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression profiling identified Avr9, Cf-9 Rapidly Elicited genes in tobacco cells.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Gene
- Avr9, Cf-9 Rapidly Elicited (ACRE) genese0
- Outcome
- revealed a set of Avr9, Cf-9 Rapidly Elicited (ACRE) genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression profiling of elicited tobacco cells revealed a set of Avr9, Cf-9 Rapidly Elicited (ACRE) genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing showed several E3 ubiquitin ligase genes and a protein kinase are needed for cell death.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Gene
- E3 ubiquitin ligase genes, and a protein kinasee0
- Outcome
- cell deathe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was used to show that several E3 ubiquitin ligase genes, and a protein kinase, are required for cell death”
e1“Expression profiling of elicited tobacco cells revealed a set of Avr9, Cf-9 Rapidly Elicited (ACRE) genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Flagellin or flg22 elicited similar defense responses in Arabidopsis cell cultures.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- flagellin or a conserved flagellin peptide (flg22)e0
- Outcome
- defense responsese0
- Direction
- elicitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Arabidopsis cell cultures challenged with flagellin or a conserved flagellin peptide (flg22), similar defense responses are elicited”
The same questions in other papers
resistance inducer · disease · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.