Abstract
The plant hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) regulate defense mechanisms capable of overcoming different plant stress conditions and constitute distinct but interconnected signaling pathways. Interestingly, several other molecules are reported to trigger stress-specific defense responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we investigated the effect of 14 elicitors against diverse but pivotal types of abiotic (drought) and biotic (the chewing insect Ascia monuste, the hemibiotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae DC 3000 and the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria alternata) stresses on broccoli and Arabidopsis. Among the main findings, broccoli pre-treated with SA and chitosan showed the highest drought stress recovery in a dose-dependent manner. Several molecules led to increased drought tolerance over a period of three weeks. The enhanced drought tolerance after triggering the SA pathway was associated with stomata control. Moreover, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) reduced A. monuste insect development and plant damage, but unexpectedly, other elicitors increased both parameters. GUS reporter assays indicated expression of the SA-dependent PR1 gene in plants treated with nine elicitors, whereas the JA-dependent LOX2 gene was only expressed upon MeJA treatment. Overall, elicitors capable of tackling drought and biotrophic pathogens mainly triggered the SA pathway, but adversely also induced systemic susceptibility to chewing insects. These findings provide directions for potential future in-depth characterization and utilization of elicitors and induced resistance in plant protection.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
SA pretreatment gave broccoli high drought recovery in a dose-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicat0 - Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- drought stress recoverye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- in a dose-dependent mannere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli and Arabidopsis”
e0“broccoli pre-treated with SA and chitosan showed the highest drought stress recovery in a dose-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan pretreatment gave broccoli high drought recovery in a dose-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- chitosane0
- Outcome
- drought stress recoverye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- in a dose-dependent mannere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli and Arabidopsis”
e0“broccoli pre-treated with SA and chitosan showed the highest drought stress recovery in a dose-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
Several elicitors increased drought tolerance over three weeks.
- Taxon
- broccoli and Arabidopsis
ArabidopsisBrassica oleracea var. italicat0 - Treatment
- Several moleculese0
- Outcome
- drought tolerancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- over a period of three weekse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli and Arabidopsis”
e0“Several molecules led to increased drought tolerance over a period of three weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced drought tolerance after SA pathway triggering was associated with stomatal control.
- Taxon
- broccoli and ArabidopsisArabidopsisBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- triggering the SA pathwaye0
- Outcome
- drought tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- stomata controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli and Arabidopsis”
e0“The enhanced drought tolerance after triggering the SA pathway was associated with stomata control”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA reduced A. monuste development and plant damage.
- Taxon
- broccoli and ArabidopsisArabidopsisBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- methyl jasmonate (MeJA)e0
- Interactor
- A. monuste
Ascia monustee0pest - Outcome
- A. monuste insect development and plant damagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli and Arabidopsis”
e0“methyl jasmonate (MeJA) reduced A. monuste insect development and plant damage”
Claim · model-written summary
Other elicitors increased insect development and plant damage.
- Taxon
- broccoli and ArabidopsisArabidopsisBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- other elicitorse0
- Interactor
- A. monusteAscia monustee1pest
- Outcome
- A. monuste insect development and plant damagee1
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli and Arabidopsis”
e0“other elicitors increased both parameters”
e1“A. monuste insect development and plant damage”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine elicitors induced SA-dependent PR1 expression.
- Taxon
- broccoli and ArabidopsisArabidopsisBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- nine elicitorse0
- Gene
- PR1e0
- Outcome
- expression of the SA-dependent PR1 genee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli and Arabidopsis”
e0“expression of the SA-dependent PR1 gene in plants treated with nine elicitors”
Claim · model-written summary
LOX2 was expressed only after MeJA treatment.
- Taxon
- broccoli and ArabidopsisArabidopsisBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- MeJA treatmente0
- Gene
- LOX2e0
- Outcome
- LOX2 gene was only expressede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli and Arabidopsis”
e0“the JA-dependent LOX2 gene was only expressed upon MeJA treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Elicitors effective against drought and biotrophic pathogens mainly triggered the SA pathway.
- Taxon
- broccoli and ArabidopsisArabidopsisBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- elicitorse0
- Outcome
- SA pathwaye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli and Arabidopsis”
e0“elicitors capable of tackling drought and biotrophic pathogens mainly triggered the SA pathway”
Claim · model-written summary
Those elicitors also induced systemic susceptibility to chewing insects.
- Taxon
- broccoli and ArabidopsisArabidopsisBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- elicitorse0
- Interactor
- chewing insectse0pest
- Outcome
- systemic susceptibility to chewing insectse0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“broccoli and Arabidopsis”
e0“elicitors capable of tackling drought and biotrophic pathogens mainly triggered the SA pathway, but adversely also induced systemic susceptibility to chewing insects”
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