Abstract
Elicitors are biochemicals, and the cell wall-derived elicitors from fungi can trigger defence mechanisms in plants by increasing the phytoalexin accumulation when they encounter the pathogens. The main objective of this research was to purify and characterize a cell wall elicitor from Trichoderma atroviride (TaCWE) and evaluate the seed priming effect of that elicitor for inducing systemic resistance in broccoli plants against leaf spot disease. Amongst the tested TaCWE concentrations of the seed priming (5, 10, & 25 mg ml−1), 10.0 mg ml−1 showed significantly (P < 0.05) improved early emergence, the rate of germination at 94%, and observed seedling vigour of 2601. Also, elicitor (10 mg ml−1) treatment alone induced 57% plant protection. On the contrary, the elicitor treated and pathogen inoculated plants induced a notable 72% protection against leaf spot disease of broccoli caused by A. brassicicola. Thus, the primed seeds with elicitor showed induced disease resistance and plant growth promotion. The prominent molecule present in the purified extracted cell wall elicitor is confirmed as trehalose. The AFM analysis indicated the trehalose length and width as 10.16 µm and 2.148 µm, respectively. FTIR chromatogram further confirmed trehalose in abundance with traces of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and LC-MS profile with a single peak eluted with a retention time of 3.78 min. The findings of this study contribute to understanding better the role of trehalose, a biogenic cell-wall elicitor that can induce systemic resistance against leaf spot disease and regulate plant growth in the broccoli plants.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming at 10.0 mg ml−1 improved early emergence.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicat0 - Treatment
- 10.0 mg ml−1e0
- Outcome
- early emergencee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“10.0 mg ml−1 showed significantly (P < 0.05) improved early emergence”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
The 10.0 mg ml−1 priming treatment yielded a 94% germination rate.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- 10.0 mg ml−1e0
- Outcome
- rate of germinatione0
- Value
- 94%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“10.0 mg ml−1 showed significantly (P < 0.05) improved early emergence, the rate of germination at 94%, and observed seedling vigour of 2601.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
The 10.0 mg ml−1 priming treatment yielded seedling vigour of 2601.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- 10.0 mg ml−1e0
- Outcome
- seedling vigoure0
- Value
- 2601e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“10.0 mg ml−1 showed significantly (P < 0.05) improved early emergence, the rate of germination at 94%, and observed seedling vigour of 2601.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Elicitor alone provided 57% plant protection.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- elicitor (10 mg ml−1) treatment alonee0
- Outcome
- plant protectione0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Value
- 57%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elicitor (10 mg ml−1) treatment alone induced 57% plant protection.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Elicitor treatment plus pathogen inoculation provided 72% protection against A. brassicicola leaf spot.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- elicitor treated and pathogen inoculatede0
- Interactor
- A. brassicicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- protection against leaf spot diseasee0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Value
- 72%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the elicitor treated and pathogen inoculated plants induced a notable 72% protection against leaf spot disease of broccoli caused by A. brassicicola.”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose was confirmed as the main molecule of the purified fungal cell wall elicitor.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Outcome
- prominent molecule present in the purified extracted cell wall elicitore0
- Qualifier
- trehalosee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The prominent molecule present in the purified extracted cell wall elicitor is confirmed as trehalose.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
AFM measured trehalose length as 10.16 µm.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Outcome
- trehalose lengthe0
- Value
- 10.16 µme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The AFM analysis indicated the trehalose length and width as 10.16 µm and 2.148 µm, respectively.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
AFM measured trehalose width as 2.148 µm.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Outcome
- widthe0
- Value
- 2.148 µme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The AFM analysis indicated the trehalose length and width as 10.16 µm and 2.148 µm, respectively.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
FTIR confirmed abundant trehalose with traces of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Outcome
- trehalose in abundancee0
- Qualifier
- traces of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FTIR chromatogram further confirmed trehalose in abundance with traces of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
LC-MS showed a single peak at retention time 3.78 min.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Outcome
- single peake0
- Value
- 3.78 mine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LC-MS profile with a single peak eluted with a retention time of 3.78 min.”
t0“broccoli”
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See all 31 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.