Abstract
Background : Salinity stress usually imposes adverse effects on plant systems, but the severity depends upon plant species, growth status and genotype, nutritional and environmental conditions etc. Present study analyses salinity effects on growth and in vivo nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings to work out the mechanism. Results : Supply of 10-200 mM NaCl with 10 mM KNO3 for 24 h in continuous light reduced the overall growth of the bean seedlings, with perfect –ve correlation for seedling weight, root length and shoot length. Salinity effect with 10 mM NH4Cl was lesser and with 10 mM NH4NO3 was intermediary. NaCl treatment with 10 mM KNO3 reduced the fresh wt of the root as well as shoot tissue but increased in vivo NRA exerting strong correlation and more prominent effect in the root tissue. Very high NaCl concentration prominently increased NRA at 1, 10 and 50 mM KNO3 showing inverse gradation in effect. Salt treatment with NH4NO3, reduced the in vivo NRA of the root tissue, but the stress parameters, like proline and peroxidase were increased. Conclusions : The salinity stress effects on NRA are less severe with NH4+, more prominent for root and more effective at low NO3- concentration. Inverse correlation between decrease in fresh mass and increase in NRA with salinity suggests the involvement of NR in the synthesis of nitric oxide and the observed effect of stress is the balance of two factors reduced assimilatory effect and increased nitric oxide stress.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl with KNO3 reduced bean seedling weight as salinity increased.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarise1 - Treatment
- 10-200 mM NaCl with 10 mM KNO3e0
- Outcome
- seedling weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 24 h in continuous lighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supply of 10-200 mM NaCl with 10 mM KNO3 for 24 h in continuous light reduced the overall growth of the bean seedlings, with perfect –ve correlation for seedling weight, root length and shoot length”
e1“Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl with KNO3 reduced root length as salinity increased.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- 10-200 mM NaCl with 10 mM KNO3e0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supply of 10-200 mM NaCl with 10 mM KNO3 for 24 h in continuous light reduced the overall growth of the bean seedlings, with perfect –ve correlation for seedling weight, root length and shoot length”
e1“Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl with KNO3 reduced shoot length as salinity increased.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- 10-200 mM NaCl with 10 mM KNO3e0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supply of 10-200 mM NaCl with 10 mM KNO3 for 24 h in continuous light reduced the overall growth of the bean seedlings, with perfect –ve correlation for seedling weight, root length and shoot length”
e1“Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The salinity effect on growth was less with NH4Cl than with KNO3.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise2
- Treatment
- 10 mM NH4Cle0
- Outcome
- Salinity effecte0
- Direction
- lessere0
- Comparator
- 10 mM KNO3e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity effect with 10 mM NH4Cl was lesser”
e1“Supply of 10-200 mM NaCl with 10 mM KNO3”
e2“Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The salinity effect with NH4NO3 was intermediate between the other nitrogen sources.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- 10 mM NH4NO3e0
- Outcome
- intermediarye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with 10 mM NH4NO3 was intermediary”
e1“Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl with KNO3 reduced root fresh weight.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- NaCl treatment with 10 mM KNO3e0
- Outcome
- fresh wt of the roote0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl treatment with 10 mM KNO3 reduced the fresh wt of the root as well as shoot tissue”
e1“Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl with KNO3 reduced shoot fresh weight.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- NaCl treatment with 10 mM KNO3e0
- Outcome
- fresh wt of the root as well as shoot tissuee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl treatment with 10 mM KNO3 reduced the fresh wt of the root as well as shoot tissue”
e1“Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl with KNO3 increased in vivo nitrate reductase activity, especially in roots.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise2
- Organ / stage
- root tissuee0
- Treatment
- NaCl treatment with 10 mM KNO3e1
- Outcome
- in vivo NRAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased in vivo NRA exerting strong correlation and more prominent effect in the root tissue”
e1“NaCl treatment with 10 mM KNO3”
e2“Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Very high NaCl increased nitrate reductase activity at 1, 10 and 50 mM KNO3, with an inverse concentration gradient.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Very high NaCl concentratione0
- Outcome
- NRAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 1, 10 and 50 mM KNO3 showing inverse gradation in effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Very high NaCl concentration prominently increased NRA at 1, 10 and 50 mM KNO3 showing inverse gradation in effect”
e1“Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treatment with NH4NO3 reduced root nitrate reductase activity.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Salt treatment with NH4NO3e0
- Outcome
- in vivo NRA of the root tissuee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt treatment with NH4NO3, reduced the in vivo NRA of the root tissue”
e1“Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treatment with NH4NO3 increased proline.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Salt treatment with NH4NO3e0
- Outcome
- prolinee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt treatment with NH4NO3, reduced the in vivo NRA of the root tissue, but the stress parameters, like proline and peroxidase were increased”
e1“Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treatment with NH4NO3 increased peroxidase.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Salt treatment with NH4NO3e0
- Gene
- peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- peroxidasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt treatment with NH4NO3, reduced the in vivo NRA of the root tissue, but the stress parameters, like proline and peroxidase were increased”
e1“Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity effects on nitrate reductase activity were less severe with NH4+, strongest in roots and most effective at low NO3- concentration.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Outcome
- salinity stress effects on NRAe0
- Direction
- less severee0
- Qualifier
- more prominent for root and more effective at low NO3- concentratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity stress effects on NRA are less severe with NH4+, more prominent for root and more effective at low NO3- concentration”
e1“Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The inverse relation between fresh mass and nitrate reductase activity under salinity suggests a role for nitrate reductase in nitric oxide synthesis.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Gene
- NRe0
- Outcome
- synthesis of nitric oxidee0
- Qualifier
- Inverse correlation between decrease in fresh mass and increase in NRA with salinitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inverse correlation between decrease in fresh mass and increase in NRA with salinity suggests the involvement of NR in the synthesis of nitric oxide”
e1“Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpreted salinity stress as a balance between reduced assimilation and increased nitric oxide stress.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Outcome
- observed effect of stresse0
- Qualifier
- reduced assimilatory effect and increased nitric oxide stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“observed effect of stress is the balance of two factors reduced assimilatory effect and increased nitric oxide stress”
e1“Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings”
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