Abstract
An experiment was established to assess the ability of selenium (Se) to reduce cadmium (Cd) toxicity when tomato was grown hydroponically. A factorial experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with six replicates in cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. 4200). The Se was applied at four levels [0 mg L–1 (Se0), 2 mg L–1 Se (Se1), 4 mg L–1 Se (Se2), and 6 mg L–1 Se (Se3)], whereas Cd was applied at three levels [0 µM Cd (Cd0), 5 µM Cd (Cd1), and 7 µM Cd (Cd2)]. The Se improved the dry weight of roots even when plants were exposed to Cd. Treatment Se1 improved the dry weight of shoots in Cd1 and Cd2. Treatments Se1 and Se2 improved photosynthesis in Cd1. Treatment Se1 significantly improved stomatal conductance in Cd2 at all levels of Se relative to Cd2. The greatest Cd concentration in leaves was observed in Cd2 × Se0 and while Se concentration in solution increased in response to Se1, Se2, and Se3. The greatest Se level reduced Cd uptake the most. Growth and photosynthetic attributes can be negatively affected by Cd, but Se has the ability to buffer, or improve, several attributes.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium improved root dry weight under cadmium exposure.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Treatment
- See0
- Outcome
- dry weight of rootse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- exposed to Cde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Se improved the dry weight of roots even when plants were exposed to Cd”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Se1 improved shoot dry weight at Cd1 and Cd2.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Se1e0
- Outcome
- dry weight of shootse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- Cd1 and Cd2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment Se1 improved the dry weight of shoots in Cd1 and Cd2”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Se1 improved photosynthesis at Cd1.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Se1e0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- Cd1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments Se1 and Se2 improved photosynthesis in Cd1”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Se2 improved photosynthesis at Cd1.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Se2e0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- Cd1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments Se1 and Se2 improved photosynthesis in Cd1”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Se1 significantly improved stomatal conductance at Cd2.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Se1e0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- Cd2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment Se1 significantly improved stomatal conductance in Cd2 at all levels of Se relative to Cd2”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf cadmium concentration was greatest with Cd2 and Se0.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Cd2 × Se0e0
- Outcome
- Cd concentration in leavese0
- Direction
- greateste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greatest Cd concentration in leaves was observed in Cd2 × Se0”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Solution selenium concentration increased with Se1, Se2 and Se3.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Se1, Se2, and Se3e0
- Outcome
- Se concentration in solutione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se concentration in solution increased in response to Se1, Se2, and Se3”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest selenium level reduced cadmium uptake most.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- greatest Se levele0
- Outcome
- Cd uptakee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest Se level reduced Cd uptake the most”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium negatively affected growth and photosynthetic attributes.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- Growth and photosynthetic attributese0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth and photosynthetic attributes can be negatively affected by Cd”
t0“Cucumber”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · physiology: photosynthesis · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- no effect
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →selenium atom · nutrient: content · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →selenium atom · growth · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.