Abstract
Phytophthora capsici is a soil-borne plant pathogen with a wide range of hosts. The pathogen secretes a large array of effectors during infection of host plants, including Crinkler (CRN) effectors. However, it remains largely unknown on the roles of these effectors in virulence especially in P. capsici. In this study, we identified a cell death-inducing CRN effector PcCRN4 using agroinfiltration approach. Transient expression of PcCRN4 gene induced cell death in N. benthamiana, N. tabacum and Solanum lycopersicum. Overexpression of the gene in N. benthamiana enhanced susceptibility to P. capsici. Subcellular localization results showed that PcCRN4 localized to the plant nucleus, and the localization was required for both of its cell death-inducing activity and virulent function. Silencing PcCRN4 gene in P. capsici significantly reduced pathogen virulence. The expression of the pathogenesis-related gene PR1b in N. benthamiana was significantly induced when plants were inoculated with PcCRN4-silenced P. capsici transformant compared to the wilt-type. Callose deposits were also abundant at sites inoculated with PcCRN4-silenced transformant, indicating that silencing of PcCRN4 in P. capsici reduced the ability of the pathogen to suppress plant defenses. Transcriptions of cell death-related genes were affected when PcCRN4-silenced line were inoculated on Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting that PcCRN4 may induce cell death by manipulating cell death-related genes. Overall, our results demonstrate that PcCRN4 is a virulence essential effector and it needs target to the plant nucleus to suppress plant immune responses.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
PcCRN4 was identified as a cell death inducing CRN effector.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“In this study, we identified a cell death-inducing CRN effector PcCRN4 using agroinfiltration approach.”
t0“Plant Nucleus”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient PcCRN4 expression induced cell death in N. benthamiana.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Transient expression of PcCRN4 gene induced cell death in N. benthamiana, N. tabacum and Solanum lycopersicum.”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient PcCRN4 expression induced cell death in N. tabacum.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Transient expression of PcCRN4 gene induced cell death in N. benthamiana, N. tabacum and Solanum lycopersicum.”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient PcCRN4 expression induced cell death in Solanum lycopersicum.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- Transient expression of PcCRN4 genee0
- Gene
- PcCRN4e0
- Outcome
- cell deathe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient expression of PcCRN4 gene induced cell death in N. benthamiana, N. tabacum and Solanum lycopersicum.”
Claim · model-written summary
PcCRN4 overexpression enhanced N. benthamiana susceptibility to P. capsici.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianae0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of the genee0
- Interactor
- P. capsici
.jpg?width=60)
Phytophthora capsicie0pathogen - Outcome
- susceptibility to P. capsicie0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of the gene in N. benthamiana enhanced susceptibility to P. capsici.”
Claim · model-written summary
PcCRN4 localized to the plant nucleus.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Subcellular localization results showed that PcCRN4 localized to the plant nucleus, and the localization was required for both of its cell death-inducing activity and virulent function.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nuclear localization was required for PcCRN4 cell death inducing activity.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Subcellular localization results showed that PcCRN4 localized to the plant nucleus, and the localization was required for both of its cell death-inducing activity and virulent function.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nuclear localization was required for PcCRN4 virulent function.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Subcellular localization results showed that PcCRN4 localized to the plant nucleus, and the localization was required for both of its cell death-inducing activity and virulent function.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing PcCRN4 significantly reduced P. capsici virulence.
- Taxon
- Plantt0
- Treatment
- Silencing PcCRN4 genee0
- Interactor
- P. capsiciPhytophthora capsicie0pathogen
- Gene
- PcCRN4e0
- Outcome
- pathogen virulencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing PcCRN4 gene in P. capsici significantly reduced pathogen virulence.”
t0“Plant Nucleus”
Claim · model-written summary
PcCRN4 silenced P. capsici induced more PR1b expression in N. benthamiana than wild type.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianae0
- Treatment
- inoculated with PcCRN4-silenced P. capsici transformante0
- Interactor
- P. capsiciPhytophthora capsicie0pathogen
- Gene
- PR1be0
- Outcome
- expression of the pathogenesis-related gene PR1be0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Comparator
- wilt-typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of the pathogenesis-related gene PR1b in N. benthamiana was significantly induced when plants were inoculated with PcCRN4-silenced P. capsici transformant compared to the wilt-type.”
Claim · model-written summary
Callose deposits were abundant at sites inoculated with the PcCRN4 silenced transformant.
Verbatim
e0“Callose deposits were also abundant at sites inoculated with PcCRN4-silenced transformant, indicating that silencing of PcCRN4 in P. capsici reduced the ability of the pathogen to suppress plant defenses.”
Claim · model-written summary
PcCRN4 silencing was interpreted to reduce P. capsici suppression of plant defenses.
- Taxon
- plante0
- Interactor
- P. capsiciPhytophthora capsicie0pathogen
- Gene
- PcCRN4e0
- Outcome
- ability of the pathogen to suppress plant defensese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Callose deposits were also abundant at sites inoculated with PcCRN4-silenced transformant, indicating that silencing of PcCRN4 in P. capsici reduced the ability of the pathogen to suppress plant defenses.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell death related gene transcription was affected in Arabidopsis inoculated with the PcCRN4 silenced line.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Treatment
- PcCRN4-silenced linee0
- Outcome
- Transcriptions of cell death-related genese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcriptions of cell death-related genes were affected when PcCRN4-silenced line were inoculated on Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting that PcCRN4 may induce cell death by manipulating cell death-related genes.”
Claim · model-written summary
PcCRN4 may induce cell death by manipulating cell death related genes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Gene
- PcCRN4e0
- Outcome
- cell deathe0
- Qualifier
- manipulating cell death-related genese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcriptions of cell death-related genes were affected when PcCRN4-silenced line were inoculated on Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting that PcCRN4 may induce cell death by manipulating cell death-related genes.”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.