Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency is frequently encountered on calcareous soils and is usually overcome by application of Fe fertilisers. In the present study, maize plants (Zea mays L. cv. Merit) grown in calcareous soil were foliar-sprayed with or without 100 µg Fe g–1 in the forms of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) and ethylene diamine-N,N-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) Fe sodium complex (Fe-EDDHA), at different growth stages. Uptake and translocation of Fe within the plant were monitored by atomic absorption spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, and physiological parameters were evaluated. Iron treatments improved maize photosynthesis and hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion scavenging capacity and lowered the rate of membrane lipid peroxidation. Iron treatment also accelerated vegetative growth and caused earlier entrance to the generative phase. Differences between ameliorative effects of Fe-EDDHA and Fe3O4 NPs were particularly noticeable in the generative growth phase. Improvement of calcium, Fe2+, total Fe, and ferritin contents were more pronounced in Fe3O4 NPs treatments (164%, 200%, 300%, and 200% of the control, respectively). Improved growth of maize treated with Fe3O4 NPs can be attributed, at least in part, to the increase in ferritin and its critical role in maintenance of Fe homeostasis and balance of the plant redox system.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Iron treatments improved maize photosynthesis and scavenging capacity.
- Treatment
- Iron treatmentse0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis and hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion scavenging capacitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron treatments improved maize photosynthesis and hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion scavenging capacity”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron treatments lowered membrane lipid peroxidation.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron treatments improved maize photosynthesis and hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion scavenging capacity and lowered the rate of membrane lipid peroxidation”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron treatment accelerated vegetative growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron treatment also accelerated vegetative growth and caused earlier entrance to the generative phase”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron treatment caused earlier generative phase entrance.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron treatment also accelerated vegetative growth and caused earlier entrance to the generative phase”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe3O4 nanoparticles raised calcium content to 164% of control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Improvement of calcium, Fe2+, total Fe, and ferritin contents were more pronounced in Fe3O4 NPs treatments (164%, 200%, 300%, and 200% of the control, respectively)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe3O4 nanoparticles raised Fe2+ content to 200% of control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Improvement of calcium, Fe2+, total Fe, and ferritin contents were more pronounced in Fe3O4 NPs treatments (164%, 200%, 300%, and 200% of the control, respectively)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe3O4 nanoparticles raised total Fe content to 300% of control.
- Treatment
- Fe3O4 NPs treatmentse0
- Outcome
- total Fee0
- Direction
- Improvemente0
- Value
- 300%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Improvement of calcium, Fe2+, total Fe, and ferritin contents were more pronounced in Fe3O4 NPs treatments (164%, 200%, 300%, and 200% of the control, respectively)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe3O4 nanoparticles raised ferritin content to 200% of control.
- Treatment
- Fe3O4 NPs treatmentse0
- Outcome
- ferritin contentse0
- Direction
- Improvemente0
- Value
- 200%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Improvement of calcium, Fe2+, total Fe, and ferritin contents were more pronounced in Fe3O4 NPs treatments (164%, 200%, 300%, and 200% of the control, respectively)”
t0“maize”
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