Abstract
Photosynthetic rate (Pn) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) are the two important factors affecting the photosynthesis and nutrient utilization of plant leaves. However, the effect of N fertilization combined with foliar application of Fe on the Pn and PNUE of the maize crops under different planting patterns (i.e., monocropping and intercropping) is elusive. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to determine the effect of N fertilization combined with foliar application of Fe on the photosynthetic characteristics, PNUE, and the associated enzymes of the maize crops under different planting patterns. The results of this study showed that under intercropping, maize treated with N fertilizer combined with foliar application of Fe had not only significantly ( p < 0.05) improved physio-agronomic indices but also higher chlorophyll content, better photosynthetic characteristics, and related leaf traits. In addition, the same crops under such treatments had increased photosynthetic enzyme activity (i.e., rubisco activity) and nitrogen metabolism enzymes activities, such as nitrate reductase (NR activity), nitrite reductase (NiR activity), and glutamate synthase (GOGAT activity). Consequently, intercropping enhanced the PNUE and soluble sugar content of the maize crops, thus increasing its yield compared with monocropping. Thus, these findings suggest that intercropping under optimal N fertilizer application combined with Fe foliation can improve the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic characteristics of maize crops by regulating the associated enzymatic activities. Consequently, this results in enhanced PNUE, which eventually leads to better growth and higher yield in the intercropping system. Thus, practicing intercropping under optimal nutrient management (i.e., N and Fe) could be crucial for better growth and yield, and efficient nitrogen use efficiency of maize crops.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Under intercropping, nitrogen fertilizer with foliar iron significantly improved physio-agronomic indices in maize.
- Treatment
- N fertilizer combined with foliar application of Fee0
- Outcome
- physio-agronomic indicese0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under intercroppinge0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under intercropping, maize treated with N fertilizer combined with foliar application of Fe had not only significantly ( p < 0.05) improved physio-agronomic indices”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment raised chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics, and leaf traits under intercropping.
- Treatment
- N fertilizer combined with foliar application of Fee0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content, better photosynthetic characteristics, and related leaf traitse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- under intercroppinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under intercropping, maize treated with N fertilizer combined with foliar application of Fe had not only significantly ( p < 0.05) improved physio-agronomic indices but also higher chlorophyll content, better photosynthetic characteristics, and related leaf traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping enhanced maize photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency relative to monocropping.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping enhanced the PNUE and soluble sugar content of the maize crops, thus increasing its yield compared with monocropping”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping enhanced maize soluble sugar content relative to monocropping.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping enhanced the PNUE and soluble sugar content of the maize crops, thus increasing its yield compared with monocropping”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping increased maize yield relative to monocropping.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping enhanced the PNUE and soluble sugar content of the maize crops, thus increasing its yield compared with monocropping”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose intercropping with optimal nitrogen and iron management for maize growth, yield, and nitrogen use.
- Outcome
- practicing intercropping under optimal nutrient management (i.e., N and Fe)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“practicing intercropping under optimal nutrient management (i.e., N and Fe) could be crucial for better growth and yield, and efficient nitrogen use efficiency of maize crops”
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